Monitoring of effects of human activities on soil ecosystem in Antarctica.

南极一直被认为是没有受到任何人类污染的完整地区。但事实上，从土壤生态的角度来看，Syowa站存在一些不合格的问题。其中一些问题是由于处理食物、尿液、废水等引起的土壤富营养化。人们担心富营养化会影响蒸馏器中细菌和真菌等异养微生物的生存机会。为了建立监测人类活动对Syowa站附近土壤环境影响的微生物指标，采用醌剖面法对土壤微生物群落结构和多样性进行了分析，并探讨了其与土壤富营养化的关系。土壤样品采集于3个富营养化样点（S1和S2）和阿德利企鹅繁殖（S8），另外3个贫营养化样点（S5、S6和S7）。醌类多样性在S8较高，在SI和S2较低，在S5-S7中以MK-7 （H4）和/或MK- 8 （H4）为主，而在S5-S7中以Q-8、Q-9和Q-10为主，而不是MK-7 （H4）。同时，Q-8在S8中表现出优势。综上所述，醌类的多样性以及Q-8、Q-9、Q-10和MK-7 (H4)（分别对应于β - γ - α -变形菌门和放线菌门的某些亚目）的微生物发生情况可作为Syowa站点附近人类活动引起的土壤富营养化监测的有用微生物指标。

The Antarctic has been considered as the area intact firm any pollution caused by human being. As a matter of fact, however there are some ineligible problems at Syowa station from soil-ecological point of view. Some of these problems are eutroPhication of the sods caused by the disposal of food, urine, wastewater and so on. It is worried that the eutrophication may influence the cortununity of heterotrophic microbes such as bacteria and fungi in the still. So, a useful indicator to monitor the effect is highly needed In order to establish microbial indicators for monitoring the effects of human activities on mil environment in the vicinity of Syowa station, microbial community structure and diversity in the soil were analyzed by quinone profile method and the relationships with eutrophication of the soil were discussed. The soil samples were collected at three eutrophic sites as the results of activities of JARE (S1 and S2) and breeding of adelie penguin (S8) and at other three oligotrophic sites (S5, S6 and S7). The diversity of quinone species was higher in S8 and lower in SI and S2 MK-7 (H4) and/or MK 8 (H4) were predominant in S5-S7, however Q-8, Q-9 and Q-10 were predominant in S5-S7 instead of MK-7 (H4). Also, the predominance of Q-8 was observed in S8. In conclusion, diversity of quinone species and occurrence of microbes including Q-8, Q-9, Q-10 and MK-7 (H4) (corresponding to beta gamma- alfa-Proteobacteria and some suborders of Actinobacteria respectively) are considered to be useful microbial indicators for monitoring soil eutrophication as a result of human activities in the vicinity of Syowa station.