Investigating the soil microbiome to understand mechanisms driving soil ecosystem services

研究土壤微生物组以了解驱动土壤生态系统服务的机制

• 批准号: RGPIN-2019-05005
• 负责人: Dunfield, Kari
• 金额: $ 2.62万
• 依托单位: University of Guelph
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2020-01-01 至 2021-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=715320
• 关键词: Investigating; soil; microbiome; understand; mechanisms

Understanding soil biogeochemistry is essential to the stewardship of ecosystem services provided by soils, such as soil fertility (for food, fibre and fuel production), water quality, resistance to erosion and climate mitigation through reduced feedbacks to climate change. Microbial communities play a central role in virtually every biogeochemical cycle on earth. While soil microbial diversity and activity can be characterized using molecular tools, quantitative linkages to ecosystem function are often difficult. We need a better understanding of how extrinsic state factors or edaphic soil conditions (physical and chemical factors intrinsic to the soil) drive microbial activity and ultimately, biogeochemical cycling, in order to predict soil ecosystem responses to changes in climate, vegetation or land management. An array of scientific approaches, including short- term field studies, long-term field experiments and space-for-time substitutions (i.e., chronosequences) will be used to investigate microbial drivers of biogeochemical cycling at the plant-soil-microbiome interface. Over the next five years, metagenomics and metatranscriptomics (i.e., high throughput sequencing approaches applied to environmental samples) will be used to provide comprehensive and quantitative descriptions of the taxonomic and functional diversity using the total pool of nucleic acids and identify couplings between environmental conditions and the microbial community composition and function. With particular focus on microbial mediated nitrogen and phosphorus cycling. In the next five years, the research will: (1) Evaluate the effects of changes in nutrient availability during long-term ecosystem development on key soil microbial communities; (2) Assess the impact of sustainable and resilient agricultural practices on the functional diversity of microbes in the plant-soil interface; (3) Compare in situ measurements of microbial activity to nutrient fluxes under environmental change. This research will contribute to our understanding of the ecosystem trade-offs required to maximize productivity in agroecosystems in order to meet the demands of a global population while minimizing impacts on soil, air, and water quality, recognizing that we are also experiencing unseen climate variability and environmental change.

了解土壤生物地球化学对于管理土壤提供的生态系统服务至关重要，这些服务包括土壤肥力（用于粮食、纤维和燃料生产）、水质、抗侵蚀能力以及通过减少对气候变化的反馈来减缓气候变化。微生物群落在地球上几乎每一个生物地球化学循环中都发挥着核心作用。虽然土壤微生物多样性和活性可以用分子工具来表征，但与生态系统功能的定量联系往往很困难。 我们需要更好地了解外部状态因素或土壤条件（土壤固有的物理和化学因素）如何驱动微生物活性，并最终驱动土壤地球化学循环，以便预测土壤生态系统对气候，植被或土地管理变化的反应。 一系列科学方法，包括短期实地研究、长期实地实验和以空间换时间（即，时间序列）将用于研究植物-土壤-微生物组界面微生物地球化学循环的微生物驱动因素。 在接下来的五年里，宏基因组学和元转录组学（即，应用于环境样品的高通量测序方法）将用于使用总核酸库提供分类和功能多样性的全面和定量描述，并鉴定环境条件与微生物群落组成和功能之间的关联。 特别关注微生物介导的氮和磷循环。 未来五年，该研究将： (1)评估长期生态系统发展过程中养分供应变化对关键土壤微生物群落的影响; (2)评估可持续和有复原力的农业做法对植物-土壤界面微生物功能多样性的影响; (3)在环境变化下，将微生物活动的原位测量结果与营养盐通量进行比较。 这项研究将有助于我们了解农业生态系统生产力最大化所需的生态系统权衡，以满足全球人口的需求，同时最大限度地减少对土壤，空气和水质的影响，认识到我们也正在经历看不见的气候变化和环境变化。