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Contamination and risk evaluation for synthetic musk fragrances in the environment

合成麝香香料环境污染及风险评估

基本信息

批准号：
17310038
负责人：
SANEMASA Isao
金额：
$ 8.17万
依托单位：
Kumamoto University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
2005
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2005 至 2007
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

Bioaccumulation of synthetic musks in a marine food chain was investigated by analyzing marine organisms at various trophic levels, including lugworm, clam, crustacean, fish, marine mammal, and bird samples collected from tidal flat and shallow water areas of the Ariake Sea, Japan. Two of the polycyclic musks, HHCB and AHTN, were the dominant compounds found in most of the samples analyzed, whereas nitro musks were not detected in any of the organisms, suggesting greater usage of polycyclic musks relative to the nitro musks in Japan. The highest concentrations of HHCB were detected in clams (258 ng/g to 2,730 ng/g lipid wt.), whereas HHCB concentrations in mallard and black-headed gull were low, and comparable with concentrations in fish and crab. These results are in contrast to the bioaccumulation pattern of polychlorinated biphenyls ; for which a positive correlation between the concentration and the trophic status of organisms was found. Such a difference in the bioaccumulation is … More probably due to the metabolism and elimination of HHCB in higher trophic organisms. Temporal trend in concentrations of synthetic musks were examined by analyzing tissues of marine mammals from Japanese coastal waters collected during 1977-2005. HHCB concentrations in marine mammals have shown significant increase since the early 1990s, suggesting a continuous input of this compound into the marine environment. Comparison of the time trend for HHCB with those for PCBs and PBDEs suggested that the rates of increase in HHCB concentrations were higher than the other classes of pollutants. To examine the geographical distribution of HHCB, we have analyzed tissues of fish, marine mammals, and birds collected from several locations. Synthetic musks were not detected in a sperm whale (pelagic species) from Japanese coastal water and in eggs of south polar skua from Antarctica. While the number of samples analyzed is limited, these results imply a lack of long-range transportation potential of synthetic musks in the environment. Less

研究了合成麝香在海洋食物链中的生物积累，分析了不同营养水平的海洋生物，包括蚯蚓、文蛤、甲壳类动物、鱼类、海洋哺乳动物和鸟类样品，这些样品采集于日本有宅海的潮滩和浅水区。在所分析的大多数样品中，HHCB和AHTN是两种多环麝香的主要成分，而在任何生物中都没有检测到硝基麝香，这表明相对于硝基麝香，多环麝香在日本的使用量更大。六氯联苯在文蛤中的含量最高(258 ng/g至2,730 ng/g脂肪重量)，而绿头鸭和黑嘴鸥的含量较低，与鱼和蟹的含量相当。这些结果与多氯联苯的生物积累模式相反，多氯联苯的浓度与生物的营养状况呈正相关。这种生物积累的差异就是…更可能的原因是HHCB在高等营养生物中的代谢和消除。通过分析1977-2005年间从日本沿海水域采集的海洋哺乳动物的组织，研究了合成麝香浓度的时间趋势。自20世纪90年代初以来，海洋哺乳动物体内的六六六浓度显著增加，这表明这种化合物不断进入海洋环境。六六六与多氯联苯和多溴二苯醚的时间趋势比较表明，六六六浓度的增加速度高于其他类别的污染物。为了研究六六六的地理分布，我们分析了从几个地点收集的鱼、海洋哺乳动物和鸟类的组织。在日本沿海水域的抹香鲸(中上层物种)和南极洲的南极夜蛾卵中没有检测到合成麝香。虽然分析的样品数量有限，但这些结果表明合成麝香在环境中缺乏远程运输潜力。较少