Historical Studies for laying foundation of Ethics of Medical Research in Japan

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1. Historical Studies in Cases of Medical Research from 1931 to 1945Tsuneishi researched.at the Library of Congress and National Archives in the United States three tines, and Tsuchiya, Nakagawa-Suenaga, Nishiyama, Okada, and Karita researched in China three tines. They gathered precious documents, and published research results in books, journal articles, and presentations in adacemic societies. In addition, investigators have made abstracts of al of 810 articles in Rikugunn Gun-i Gakko Boeki Kenkyu Houkoku, (Bulletin of Epidemic Prevention Laboratory of Amy Medical Collge) part 2, which was the principal journal of Surgeon General ISHII Shiro, founder and commander of infamous Unit 731. These abstracts will be published at the website of the Research Society for 15-years War and Japanese Medical Science and Service. With these outcomes, they came to notice details and scopes of medical research in ISHII's Institutions and universities at that tine.2. Inquiries in Ethical Principles of Medical ResearchTsuchiya and Muraoka have studied in the essence of ethical principles, roles of cases in medical ethics, and ethical principles of medical research. They published research outcomes in journal articles and presentations in academic societies. Significance and functions of case-based or narrative-based approaches in ethics in general, perspectives of ethics of medical research, and status of principles in research ethics have been clarified.