The formation and transfguration of national identity in modem Japan in relation to China and Korea

本研究关注的是近代日本国家认同的形成与嬗变。我们特别将其与中国和韩国联系起来，这两个国家的近代史与日本相似，因为这三个国家都是在“西方影响”下被迫实现现代化的。其中只有日本通过接受西方政治文化，即对内实行宪政，对外实行帝国主义，实现了民族独立。日本的成功是建立在“走出亚洲”政策的基础上的，这必然带来了自我的危机和回归自我的反应。因此，日本近代史充满了亚洲化与欧洲化、传统主义与现代主义的矛盾。身份是通过泰勒的“重要他人”的中介形成的。从这个角度来看，欧洲对近代日本来说是最重要的。但相反，中国和朝鲜也是重要的他者，因为它们不仅是日本的邻国，而且表现出日本在近代历史上不断引起同情亚洲运动和回归传统的自我丧失。本文研究了近代日本与中国、朝鲜的民族认同特征，主要表现在国家政治观念、亚洲主义、（极端）民族主义等方面。

This research is concerned with the formation and the transfiguration of national identity in modern Japan. We related it, especially, with China and Korea whose modern history is similar with Japan, because these three nations are all forced to modernize by the 'western impact'. Only Japan among them could have achieved the national independence by the reception of western political culture, that is, constitutionalism in the domestic administration and imperialism in the foreign policy. Japan's success was based on the policy of 'going out of Asia', which has necessarily brought out the crisis of the self and the reaction of return to the own self. So the history of modern Japan is colored by the contradiction between the Asianization and the Europianization, traditionalism and modernism.The identity is formed through the intermediation of the 'important others' by C. Taylor. From this viewpoint, we could say that Europe was the most important other for the modern Japan. But, on the contrary, China and Korea were also the important other, because not only they were its neighbors, but they have shown its loss of self which incessantly caused the movement of sympathy for Asia and return to its tradition in the history of modern Japan.We have investigated the characteristics of modern Japan's national identity in relation to China and Korea, whose main issues are idea of national polity, Asianism, (ultra) nationalism, etc.