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Environmental safety on recycling process using pyrolysis gasification and reforming technology

热解气化重整技术回收过程的环境安全

基本信息

批准号：
17360438
负责人：
KATSUYA Kawamoto
金额：
$ 7.85万
依托单位：
National Institute for Environmental Studies
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
2005
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2005 至 2007
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

The aim of this study is to clarify emission characteristics of substances, especially dioxins and poly-aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) that may cause negative effects to the environment and gas utilization equipment after the gasification and reforming process currently developing. The experiments employed two kinds of test equipments, which are a small-scale equipment (Process capacity for raw materials: 〜2 kg/h) and a bench-scale equipment (〜15kg/h).The results showed that dioxins were generated from waste woods, refuse derived fuel made from municipal solid waste and refuse paper and plastic fuel (RPF) even under oxygen deficient conditions. The measured concentrations were in the range of 0.1〜several ng-TEQ/m^3N in gas. The formation occurred at low temperatures around 650 -C and it decreased to low level over 700℃. The result also suggested that the formed dioxins were decomposed during the gasification and reforming processes probably because of the effect of catalyst and of the increase of gas residence time. The concentrations were differed between the kinds of raw material, and the amount of dioxins from woody biomass was smaller than that of from RPF.PAHs were significantly generated in high concentrations in the range of 1 mg/m^3〜several hundred mg/m^3N. Among those, benzene formed in the concentration range of typically 100〜5000mg/m^3N. Therefore, investigation was concentrated on the development of reduction technology of benzene exhaust. Several catalysts were applied for the reduction of the compound and a nickel catalyst was found to be effective on high benzene conversion to methane at 300℃. The coexistence of moisture and hydrocarbons such as ethylene did not affect on the reaction. The results suggested that an effective gas cleaning technology could be developed by using catalyst process even at low temperatures after the reforming process.

本研究的目的是澄清物质的排放特性，特别是二恶英和多环芳烃（PAHs），可能会造成负面影响的环境和气体利用设备后，气化和重整工艺目前正在发展。实验采用了小型设备（原料处理能力：~ 2 kg/h）和实验室设备（~ 15 kg/h）两种测试设备。结果表明，即使在缺氧条件下，废弃木材、城市固体废物制成的垃圾衍生燃料和垃圾纸塑燃料（RPF）也会产生二恶英。在气体中测得的浓度范围为0.1 μ ng-TEQ/m^3N。在650 ℃左右的低温条件下形成，在700℃以上逐渐降低.研究结果还表明，由于催化剂的作用和气体停留时间的增加，生成的二恶英在气化和重整过程中被分解。不同原料产生的二恶英浓度不同，木本生物质产生的二恶英量要小于废弃物产生的二恶英量，多环芳烃在高浓度（1 mg/m^3 ~几百mg/m^3 N）下产生显著。其中，苯的浓度范围通常为100 ~ 5000 mg/m^3N。因此，苯废气减排技术的研究开发成为重点。几种催化剂被用于还原该化合物，发现镍催化剂在300℃下对高的苯转化为甲烷是有效的。水分和乙烯等烃类物质的共存对反应没有影响。结果表明，即使在低温下，利用催化剂工艺也可以开发出一种有效的重整后气体净化技术。