Establishment of Monitoring and Modeling Systems of Forest Ecosystem Dynamics for Evaluating the effects of Climate Changes

研究的目的是根据在不同气候条件下对四所大学森林的观测，建立森林动态、水文和物质循环的监测和建模系统，并建立基于过程的评估和预测气候变化影响的模型。设置了7个长期生态监测样地，利用环境部监测1000项目的方法对不同森林类型的森林数据进行了监测，并建立了一些监测森林动态的遥感技术。在树液流量测量的基础上，对不同林分(雪松、柏木、栎木、竹子)的蒸散过程进行了研究。得出了各林分的蒸散过程特征，并提出了各林分树干液流的测算指标。通过调查长期水量平衡和通量测量的报告结果，…阐明了森林生长、密度和类型对流域水量收支的影响，并提出了一些实用的基于过程的蒸散量计算模型。对水文和物质循环的监测是在蛇纹岩流域进行的，在日本很少进行这些研究。研究结果表明，在不同基岩的流域，不同流域的氮、磷径流过程不尽相同，不同流域的氮、磷径流过程也有较大差异，并提出了估算氮磷营养盐径流的实用模型。建立了基于水文过程的模型，分析了气候变化对雪域森林集水区径流的影响。尽管这些结果没有完全整合，但本项目中获得的许多新数据、信息、技术和模式将为全球变暖的研究做出贡献。较少

The object of the research was to establish monitoring and modeling systems of forest dynamics and hydrological and material cycles based on the observations in the four university forests in different climate, and establish the process-based models for evaluating and forecasting the effects of climate changes. Seven monitoring plots for long-term ecological research were set, and the forest data of various forest types were archived by the monitoring using the methods used in the Monitoring 1000 Project of Ministry of Environment Some remote sensing techniques for monitoring forest dynamics were also established. Evapotranspiration process studies based on the sap flow measurement were conducted in various forest stands (Japanese cedar, Japanese cypress, oak, bamboo). Some features of evapotranspiration processes of each forest were obtained, and the guides to measure sap flow for each forest were proposed. By investigating the reported results of long-term water budget and flux measu … More rements, the effects of growth, density and types of forests on the catchment water budget were clarified, and some practical process-based models of evapotranspiration were proposed. The monitoring of hydrological and material cycles was conducted in the serpentinite watershed where these studies were rarely conducted in Japan. The results suggested that the common processes found in other watersheds could not always be applied to the other watershed where the bedrocks were different The results also indicated that the run off process (suspended / soluble) of nitrogen and phosphorus were considerably different depend on the discharge, and proposed the practical models to estimate the discharges of these nutrients. Hydrological process-based model was made, and effects of climate changes on the discharge from the forest catchment in the snowy region were analyzed. Although these results were not fully integrated, many new data, information, techniques, and models obtained in this project will contribute to the researches on global warming. Less