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Quantification of Water, Energy and Material Cycles in an Afforested Watershed of Chamaecyparis Obtuse in Kyushu and Those Public-Benefit-Functions.

九州扁柏绿化流域水、能量和物质循环的量化及其公益功能。

基本信息

批准号：
14360088
负责人：
OTSUKI Kyoichi
金额：
$ 9.6万
依托单位：
Kyushu University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
2002
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2002 至 2004
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

Water, energy and material Cycles in an Afforested Watershed of Chamaecyparis Obtusa were investigated in the Ochozu Experimental Watershed in Kasuya Research Forest of Kyushu University Forest in Kyushu, Japan.(1)Results on runoffThe threshold between overland flow and subsurface runoff was estimated to be basin storage of 7.6mm that is approximately equivalent to the thickness of major hydrological activity zone. Parameters for the Storage Function Model were optimally searched by simple genetic algorithm and fuzzy linear regression. Both long-term and short-tem runoffs were estimated by TOPMODEL, a storage-type semi-distributed-parameter model. Ground water level in the riparian zone was a first-order control on the runoff phenomenon at the basin scale. The soil moisture content of the upper subsurface in the slope also related to the discharge, which implies that hydrological coupling among the slope, the riparian zone and the stream occurred the rain events.(2)Results on evapotran … More spirationStatistical analysis on the sampling numbers of sapwood for the appropriate application of Granier method, a sapflow measurement method, showed that at least 20 samples are required for the measurement of sapflow for Cryptomeria japonica and Chamaecyparis obtusa. The results of sapflow measurement of Chamaecyparis obtusa showed that 1) although the absolute velocities of individual sapflow varied, the their diurnal variations were almost identical, 2) transpiration rate from a single tree was increased with DBH due to increase both in sapwood area and the sap flux density. Two layers tank model well estimated the seasonal changes of runoff and evapotranspiration of the watershed.(3)Results on material cyclesWe showed that discharge is inevitable to estimate nutrient balance of watershed appropriately, and evaluated that output fluxes of both total nitrogen (T-N) and total phosphorus (T-P) exceeded the input fluxes in the Ochozu Watershed. Since most of phosphorus was transported in the form of particulate, even L-Q method, most applicable method to evaluate nutrient load, underestimated the T -P load. Less

在日本九州九州大学森林霞屋研究林的大巢津实验流域，对日本扁柏造林流域的水、能量和物质循环进行了研究。（1）径流结果地表径流与地下径流的临界值为流域蓄水量7.6mm，约等于主要水文活动带的厚度。采用简单遗传算法和模糊线性回归对存储函数模型的参数进行了优化搜索。长期和短期径流的估计TOPMODEL，存储型半分布参数模型。在流域尺度上，河岸带地下水位对径流现象具有一级控制作用。坡面上次表层土壤含水量也与径流量有关，表明降雨事件发生时坡面、河岸带和河流之间存在水文耦合。（2）关于evapotran的结果 ...更多信息对适宜应用Granier法测定液流的边材取样数进行统计分析，结果表明：柳杉和钝头Chamaparis obtusa的液流测定至少需要20个样方。结果表明：（1）虽然各树种的液流绝对流速不同，但其日变化规律基本一致;（2）单株蒸腾速率随胸径的增大而增大，这是由于边材面积和液流密度的增加所致。两层水槽模型较好地模拟了流域径流和蒸散的季节变化。（3）物质循环研究结果表明，要合理估算流域养分平衡，必须考虑径流量的影响，并评价了小津流域总氮（T-N）和总磷（T-P）的输出通量大于输入通量。由于磷主要是以颗粒态形式迁移的，即使是目前最适用的营养盐负荷估算方法L-Q法也低估了T-P负荷。少