Expansion of application fields and conversion of examination methods far personal identification using DNA polymorphisms in the field of Forensic Odontology

这项研究的目的是改变检测方法，以提高高度降解材料的DNA分析的可靠性，并扩大染色体DNA的靶标，使其不仅用于个人身份识别，而且还用于性别确定、地理来源估计和人与动物的歧视。结果如下：1.我们从100名日本人中发现了13个新的线粒体单倍群谱系，并通过全序列测定建立了它们。我们进一步表明，一般马来人群体由东亚和南亚线粒体单倍群谱系组成，并在更新信息下建立了几个新的具有马来人群体特征的谱系。这些数据对估计东亚地区个体的地理起源是有用的。2.建立了AmpFISTRYFILER试剂盒中包含的16个Y-STR与Y二元单倍群之间关系的数据库。这一数据适用于从亚洲人群中选择日本人。我们在一个马来人群中发现了Y染色体多态的O单群谱系中的新分支。这些信息对估计亚洲人的地理起源很有用。3.建立了X-STR多重聚合酶链式反应体系，分析了16个STR基因座在日本人群中的频率。4.我们检测了15个常染色体STR基因座，显示了亚洲马来人群体的特点。5.比较了两种短串联重复序列对降解DNA的扩增效率，发现扩增效率受扩增大小的影响较大，SNP分析更适用于法医案件中降解DNA的检测。然而，我们相信我们可以在实践中获得对DNA分析有用的结果。

The purpose of this study is conversion of examination methods to develop reliability of DNA analysis from highly degraded materials, and the expansion of targets on chromosomal DNA to use DNA analysis not only for personal identification but also for sex determination, estimation of geographic origin, and human-animal discrimination. The results obtained were as follows, 1. We found 13 new mitochondrial haplogroup lineages from 100 Japanese individuals and established them by complete sequencing. We further showed that general Malay population was composed of East Asian and South Asian mitochondrial haplogroup lineages, and established several new lineages characteristic to the Malay population under updated information. These data are useful for estimating geographic origin of individuals in East Asia. 2. We presented database on relationship between 16 Y-STRs contained in AmpFISTR Yfiler kit and Y binary haplogroups. This data is applicable for selecting Japanese individuals from Asian population. We found new clades in O haplogroup lineage of Y-chromosome polymorphism in a Malay population. This information is useful for estimating geographic origin of individuals in Asia. 3. We developed X-STR multiplex PCR systems and analyzed frequencies of 16 STR loci in the Japanese population. 4. We examined 15 autosomal STR loci in a Malay population, and showed characteristic of the Malay population in Asia. 5. We compared PCR amplification efficiency from degraded DNA using 2 kinds of STRs, and showed that amplification efficiency is highly influenced by PCR amplification sizes, and also showed that SNP analysis was more suitable for examination of degraded DNA in a forensic case.Recent progress on research related to the present study was very rapid and we could not but arrange part of our original purposes. However, we believe that we could obtain useful results for DNA analysis in practice.