Study of Formation Process of Galaxies and Quasars using Fiber Multiple-Object Spectrograph

在本研究项目中，我们开发了一种新型光谱仪“FMOS”，将光纤多目标光谱仪安装在斯巴鲁望远镜上，该望远镜的主要焦点是宽视场观测。本次研究的目标是“study of Formation Process of Galaxies and类星体”，如项目名称所示。该光谱仪具有400倍复用能力，波长范围从光学0.9微米到红外1.8微米。我们期望在红移为2-5的中早期宇宙中类星体和星系的测试观测项目中获得星系和类星体形成的线索。虽然我们用校正透镜和机械台进行了两次测试观测，但由于定焦单元的问题和复杂的摄谱仪系统的调整困难，对遥远类星体和星系的测试观测被推迟了。另一方面，利用FMOS的各种研究计划被讨论得比预期的要多，人们对FMOS的广域和多态能力寄予了很大的期望。在此基础上，详细介绍了FMOS的机械发展情况，并展望了利用该仪器安装在大型望远镜定焦上的未来研究计划。特别是红外光谱仪的冷却性能、整个系统的光学性能、探测器和控制电子器件的特性以及控制软件与档案系统的接口作为仪器项目进行了报告，系统地研究了星系的形成，并将暗能量的调查项目作为测试观测计划的讨论结果进行了报告。全面的观察性研究预计将从2019财年开始。

In this research project, we developed a new-type spectrograph called "FMOS" to mount a fiber multiple-object spectrograph on the Subaru telescope, which has a prime focus for wide-field observations. The goal of this study is "Study of Formation Process of Galaxies and Quasars" as shown in the title of this project. The spectrograph has the capability of 400 multiplicity with a wavelength range from optical 0.9 micron to infrared 1.8 micron. We expected to obtain the clue to the solution of galaxies and quasars formation during the test observation program targeting quasars and galaxies located at moderately early universe with a redshift of 2-5. Although we made test observations with the corrector lenses and the mechanical stages twice, the test observations targeting distant quasars and galaxies are delayed by the problems on the prime-focus unit and by the difficulties in the adjustment of the complicated spectrograph system. On the other hand, the various research plans using the FMOS have been discussed more than expected with great expectations of its wide-field and multiplicity capabilities. Accordingly, we report the mechanical development of the FMOS in detail and the advanced research plan using this instrument attached to the prime focus of the large telescope. In particular, the cooling capability of the infrared spectrograph, optical performance of the whole 'system, the characteristics of the detector and control electronics, and the interface between the control software and the archive systems are reported as the instrumentation items, systematic study of the galaxy formation, and the survey project of dark energy are also reported as the result of the discussion of the test observation plan. The full-fledged observational study is expected from the fiscal year of H19.