Lahar-induced disturbance of naturalresources and recovery from volcanic disaster at the Ruapehu volcano, North Island, New Zealand

新西兰北岛鲁阿佩胡火山火山泥流引起的自然资源扰动和火山灾害恢复

• 批准号: 17405002
• 负责人: MARUTANI Tomomi
• 金额: $ 9.4万
• 依托单位: Hokkaido University
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
• 财政年份: 2005
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 2005 至 2007
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-17405002/
• 关键词: lahar (volcanic mudflow); crater lake break-out; preventive measures; natural resources; recovery process; disaster mitigation; hyper-concentrated flow; antomatic monitoring system; ルアペプ火山; 大規模撹乱; 画像撮影; 水位変動; 決壊シミュレーション; 警戒警報システム

Understanding how we can manage a sustainable environment for land resources around volcano must be emphasized for the land management in the world. Both geological features in New Zealand and Japan is very similar and they have a same experiences with disaster on land resources. This program focus on the prediction of lahar-induced disturbance on land resources, such as ecosystem, landscape, local residence area, and life-line instruments. Furthermore the warning system of volcanic hazard and the restoration skill evolved recently can be important. We also have an interest in comparing both lahar-flows occurred at 50years ago and predicted after 2005.On 18 March 2007 the summit Crater Lake of Mt. Ruapehu, New Zealand, breached a barrier of tephra emplaced by eruptions in 1995-96, resulting in the rapid release of 1.3 million m3 of water. The flood rapidly bulked by entraining snow, ice, rock debris and alluvium along the steep gorge of the upper Whangaehu River to form a debris flow that then transformed downstream into a hyper-concentrated and then sediment-laden stream flow during its passage to the Tasman Sea 155 km away. No lives were lost' and infrastructural damage was minimal due to a comprehensive warning system developed in the decade before the lahar. A previous break-out lahar in 1953 caused a railway disaster at Tangiwai with the loss of 151 lives. The lahar flowed as a multi-peaked debris flow in the Whangaehu gorge, 7 km downstream of Crater Lake. Automatic lahar measuring equipment, including water level gauges, flow velocity sensors, conductivity samplers and seismographs were installed at key sites along the flow path, and were supplemented by sequential photographs captured by automatic monitoring cameras and observer teams. Flow velocity averaged 30 km/hr and water level rose by 8.2 m in 4 minutes in the gorge. The lahar caused riverbed aggradation in many places and environmental disturbance to the channel regime.

了解如何对火山周围的土地资源进行可持续的环境管理是世界土地管理的重点。新西兰和日本的地质特征非常相似，在土地资源灾害方面有着相同的经历。该项目主要研究火山泥流对陆地生态系统、景观、居民区和生命线仪器等资源的扰动预测。此外，火山灾害预警系统和最近发展起来的恢复技术也很重要。我们也有兴趣比较两个火山泥流发生在50年前，并预测在2005年后。新西兰的鲁阿佩胡（Ruapehu）在1995年至1996年的火山爆发中突破了火山灰的屏障，导致130万立方米的水迅速释放。洪水携带着雪、冰、岩石碎片和冲积物沿着旺格湖河上游陡峭的峡谷迅速膨胀，形成泥石流，然后在流向155公里外的塔斯曼海的过程中，向下游转化为高浓度的、载有沉积物的溪流。由于在拉哈尔之前的十年里开发了一个全面的预警系统，没有人丧生，基础设施的破坏也很小。上一次拉哈尔爆发是在1953年，当时在Tangiwai发生了一场铁路灾难，造成151人死亡。拉哈尔在火山口湖下游7公里处的旺格湖峡谷中以多峰泥石流的形式流动。在流动路线沿着的关键地点安装了自动拉哈尔测量设备，包括水位计、流速传感器、电导率取样器和地震仪，并辅之以自动监测摄像机和观察员小组拍摄的连续照片。平均流速为30公里/小时，水位在4分钟内上升了8.2米。拉哈尔造成河床淤积在许多地方和环境干扰的渠道制度。

项目成果

Patterns and control of gully complex development in a headwater catchment of the Wauapu basin, East Cost, New Zealand

新西兰东海岸瓦阿普盆地源头流域沟壑综合体发育的模式和控制

• 发表时间: 2006
• 期刊: Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 30(印刷中)
• 作者: K.Kochi;S.Yanai;Mohammad Ashraful Alam;Parkner T.
• 通讯作者: Parkner T.

Ruapehu Crater Lake break-out lahar, North Island, New Zealand

鲁阿佩胡火山口湖爆发的火山泥浆，新西兰北岛

• 发表时间: 2007
• 期刊: Journal of Japanese Society of Erosion Control Engineering
• 作者: N. Osanai;et. al.;丸谷知己・山田孝・木村正信・眞板秀二・Vern Manville・Graham Leonard・Noel Trustrum;Tomomi Marutani-Takashi Yamada-Masanobu Kimura-Hideji Maita-Vern Manville-Graham Leonard-Noel Trustrum
• 通讯作者: Tomomi Marutani-Takashi Yamada-Masanobu Kimura-Hideji Maita-Vern Manville-Graham Leonard-Noel Trustrum

ニュージーランド北島ルアペフ火山の火口湖決壊によって発生したラハール

新西兰北岛鲁阿佩胡火山火山口湖崩塌造成的火山泥浆

• 发表时间: 2007
• 期刊: 砂防学会誌 62(2)
• 作者: N. Osanai;et. al.;丸谷知己・山田孝・木村正信・眞板秀二・Vern Manville・Graham Leonard・Noel Trustrum
• 通讯作者: 丸谷知己・山田孝・木村正信・眞板秀二・Vern Manville・Graham Leonard・Noel Trustrum

Sedimentation and succession pattern in regenerating primary vegetation governing gully formation in the areadevastated by the 2000 eruotion of the Mount Usu volcano, in Hokkaido, Japan

日本北海道 2000 年有珠山火山喷发破坏地区的沉积和再生原生植被控制沟壑形成的演替模式

• 发表时间: 2005
• 期刊: Zeitschrift fur Geomorphologie 140
• 作者: Parkner T.;Page M.J.;Marden M.;Marutani T.;Hideji Maita.;山田 孝;山田 孝;Parkner T.;Page M.;Adikari Y.
• 通讯作者: Adikari Y.

Impact of Ruapehu crater lake break-out lahar at 18 March 2007 on river channel settings

2007 年 3 月 18 日鲁阿佩胡火山口湖爆发的火山泥流对河道环境的影响

• 发表时间: 2007
• 作者: T. Marutani; T. Yamada; H. Maita; M. Kimura; V. Manville; N. Trustrum
• 通讯作者: N. Trustrum