Molecular Evolutional, Geographical, Population Genetical analyses of Wild SilkMoth including Bombyx mandarina distribute in East Asian region

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We have analyzed the molecular level of polymorphism in Bombyx mandarina, some other wild silk moth species distribute in wide range of East Asian region by comparing some genes or DNA marker regions among them. B. mori molybdenum cofactor sulfurase gene (og) whose mutants cause translucent skin because of lack or deficiency of accumulation of uric acid under the skin in B. mori. Og genes from Japanese mandarina have wide variety and different from the group of B. mori. We conducted an analysis of mitochondrial coxl gene of B. mori and found low level of sequence diversity relative to that of the og gene. Alkaline phosphatase (Alp) genes are tandemly duplicated in B. mori. The Alp genes (Alp-m, Alp-s) share about 60% identity in the nucleotide sequences, but structure of the intervening region is highly polymorphic with large in/del from strain to strain. In this study we found that the Alp genes were shown to be duplicated in B. mandarina, similarly as in B. mori, in all four gemones. The structure of the intervening region in B. mandarina suggested that the most recent common ancestor of the current silk worm strains and wild B. mandarina existed in China. From the analysis of Cecropia-ITR-MLEs, most of the MLE sequences from B. mandarina in the main island of Japan composed one unique group (Japanese type); on the other hand, the sequences from the Chinese and Korean specimens settled down in another group (Continental type). We have isolated the active type of transposable element (Bmamat1) from the locus of BmTNML of Korean and Japanese mandarina. Vitellogenin genes of B. mandarina are closer to B. mori than other wild silk moth.