Evaluation of ecosystem rehabilitation by artificial planting in tropical rain forest of Sarawak, Malaysia

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In order to evaluate ecosystem rehabilitation of tropical rain forest by artificial planting, we investigate 1. growth and survival of planted seedlings, 2. ecophysiology of planted seedlings, 3. diversity and interaction of plants and animals, 4. genetic diversity, 5. physical and chemical property of soil and micro-organisms, and 6. awareness of local people in Bakam and Niah experimental forests, Sarawak, Malaysia. Our findings am summarized as follows.1. Secondary forest is the most suitable environment for planting judging from growth and survivorship of seedlings.2. Species characteristics in acclimatization and their proper site condition were clarified by the analysis of ecophysiology of seedlings.3. Evaluation of the effects of planting on diversity and interaction of plants and animals was not clear within ten years after planting.4. Genetic diversity and their local variation of few species in Dipterocarpaceae in Sarawak were revealed.5. Major environmental factor affects on growth and survivorship of seedlings was soil water and light in Niah and light in Bakam.6. Site selection for shifting cultivation as local people awareness was clarified but awareness for ecosystem rehabilitation was not cleared.From the achievement above, "in-Secondary Forest Planting Method", in which seedlings was planted in secondary forest established after the disturbance, was proposed as an effective planting method to rehabilitate degraded forests by clear cutting or shifting cultivation. And useful information, such as suitable species and site selection, was obtained to practice the method. Continuation of study, however, will be necessary to investigate the effect on diversity and interaction of plants and animals and awareness of local people.