A study on deterioration of biodiversity of Mongolian steppe caused by overgrazing

过度放牧导致蒙古草原生物多样性恶化的研究

• 批准号: 17405045
• 负责人: TAKATSUKI Seiki
• 金额: $ 8.19万
• 依托单位: Azabu University (2007)The University of Tokyo (2005-2006)
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
• 财政年份: 2005
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 2005 至 2007
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-17405045/
• 关键词: Mongolia; grazing; steppe ecosystem; pollination; ecosystem engineer; Siberian marmot; growth form; 草原; 生物多様性; マーモット; マウンド; 均質; 齧歯類; ニホンジカ; 繁殖システム; 生涯繁殖成功; 生命表; 平均寿命; なわばり; 遺伝的類似度; モンゴル平原; 放牧圧; 訪花昆虫

After the regime change in the 1990s, human and livestock population of Mongolia are rapidly increasing. Heavy grazing concentrates in urban areas. Such situations result in overgrazing in Mongolian steppe. Since pasturage is important in Mongolia, overgrazing has been studied in this context. However, effects of overgrazing on biodiversity of the steppe have been poorly studied. This study tried to describe and analyze the effects of overgrazing on the biodiversity of the steppe in eastern and northern Mongolia. We compared three sites: heavy, moderate, and light grazing. Plant communities were described and analyzed according to the growth form of Gimingham. At lightly grazed places, tall forbs abundantly grew, but decreased at middle grazing. At heavily grazed places, tall grasses disappeared and only short grasses, prostrate and rosette type plants survived. This results in relative dominance of the latter plants. Then, we studied pollination as a function of ecosystem members. We found very complex relations between forbs and pollinators at lightly grazed places, but the combinations became quite poor at middle grazed places. Unexpectedly, however, some dipteran pollinators visited Compositae flowers at heavily grazed places. This result suggests grazing strongly affects the pollination system of the Mongolian steppe. Besides, we studied the effects of mound formation of Siberian marmots on the Mongolian steppe. Mongolian people prefer marmot as a food material.

20世纪90年代政权更迭后，蒙古人口和牲畜数量迅速增加。大量放牧集中在城市地区。这种情况导致蒙古草原过度放牧。由于畜牧业在蒙古很重要，因此在这方面对过度放牧进行了研究。然而，过度放牧对草原生物多样性的影响研究甚少。本研究试图描述和分析过度放牧对蒙古国东部和北方草原生物多样性的影响。我们比较了三个地点：重度放牧、中度放牧和轻度放牧。根据Gimingham的生长型对植物群落进行了描述和分析。在轻度放牧的地方，高杂类草大量生长，但在中度放牧减少。在严重放牧的地方，高草消失，只有矮草，匍匐和莲座型植物生存。这导致后者植物的相对优势。然后，我们研究了授粉作为生态系统成员的功能。我们发现在轻度放牧的地方杂类草和传粉者之间的关系非常复杂，但在中度放牧的地方组合变得很差。然而，出乎意料的是，一些双翅目传粉昆虫在严重放牧的地方拜访了Compositae的花朵。这一结果表明，放牧强烈影响蒙古草原的授粉系统。此外，我们还研究了蒙古草原上西伯利亚旱獭土丘形成的影响。蒙古人喜欢土拨鼠作为食物材料。

项目成果

A comparison of food resources used by Mongolian gazelles and sympatiric livestock in three areas in Mongolia.

蒙古国三个地区黄羊和同类牲畜食物资源的比较。

• 发表时间: 2008
• 期刊: Journal of Arid Environment 72
• 作者: Yoshihara;Y.;T. Y. Ito;B. Lhagvasuren;and S. Takatsuki
• 通讯作者: and S. Takatsuki

有蹄類の生態学研究とスケール

有蹄类动物生态学研究和规模

• 发表时间: 2007
• 期刊: 日本生態学会関東地区会会報 55
• 作者: 伊藤美千穂;本多義昭;Gunawardena NK;高槻成紀
• 通讯作者: 高槻成紀

野生動物と共存できるか

我们能与野生动物共存吗？

• 发表时间: 2006
• 作者: Kakinuma;K.;s. Takatsuki;Kimura E;伊藤美千穂;高槻成紀
• 通讯作者: 高槻成紀

Correlations between feeding type and mandibular morphology in the sika deer (Cervus nippon)

梅花鹿摄食类型与下颌形态的相关性

• 发表时间: 2007
• 期刊: Journal of Zoologyほか 272
• 作者: M. Ozaki;G. Suwa;S. Takatsuki
• 通讯作者: S. Takatsuki

Effects of livestock grazing on pollination on a steppe in eastern Mongolia

• DOI: 10.1016/j.biocon.2008.07.004
• 发表时间: 2008-09
• 期刊: Biological Conservation
• 影响因子: 5.9
• 作者: Yu Yoshiharaa;Buyanaa Chimeddorjb;Bayarbaatar Buuveibaatarc;Badamjavin Lhagvasurenc;Seiki Takatsukid