Magnetic resonance imaging mapping of brain functions based on brain surface normalization analysis using functional information

我们开发了一种方法，可以将不同的个体大脑归一化为标准的模板大脑，并可以获得更好的对大脑激活的敏感性。该方法基于二维皮质表面图和功能磁共振成像(FMRI)获得的功能信息。我们首先使用功能磁共振成像探索了大脑皮层，特别是前额叶皮质是如何在功能上组织的。结果揭示了三条线索，每条线索都沿着立体定位图谱中的三个轴之一。第一个涉及左右半球轴，研究发现，支持抑制控制的大脑机制在额叶下回以传统的方式分布，即左脑执行语言功能，右脑执行非语言功能(Morimoto等人，2008)。第二个涉及上-下轴，研究发现，幼稚受试者的抑制控制由背侧前额叶机制支持，而幼稚受试者的抑制控制由腹侧前额叶机制支持(Konishi等人，2008年)。第三种是关于前后轴的，研究发现，抑制控制是在额下回的后部进行的，而对罕见刺激的加工是在额下回后面大约2厘米处进行的(Chikazoe等人，2008年)。在这些结果中获得的关于大脑皮质功能的功能组织的信息为精确绘制人脑功能图提供了重要的基本原则。

We developed the method by which different individual brain can be normalized into a standard template brain and better sensitivity to brain activation can be achieved. The method is based on two-dimensional cortical surface map and functional information obtained by functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). We first explored, using fMRI, how the cerebral cortex, particularly the prefrontal cortex, is functionally organized. Three threads of results were revealed, each along one of the three axes in a stereotaxic atlas. The first concerns the left-right hemispheric axis, and it was found that the brain mechanism in the inferior frontal gyrus that supports inhibitory control is distributed in a traditional manner, such that the left hemisphere implements verbal functions and the right hemisphere implements nonverbal functions (Morimoto, et al., 2008). The second concerns the superior-inferior axis, and it was found that inhibitory control in naive subjects was supported by dorsal prefrontal mechanism whereas inhibitory control in naive subjects was supported by ventral prefrontal mechanism (Konishi, et al., 2008). The third one concerns the anterior-posterior axis, and it was found that the inhibitory control is implemented in the posterior part of the inferior frontal gyrus (pIFG) whereas processing of infrequent stimuli is implemented in the inferior frontal junction, located approximately 2 cm posterior to the pIFG (Chikazoe, et al., 2008). The information regarding functional organization of cerebral cortical functions obtained in these results provide the important fundamental principle necessary for precise mapping of the human brain functions.