The integrated roles of regions and networks in frontal lobe organization

项目总结。前额叶外侧皮质(LFC)认知控制过程的组织 在区域和网络模型中都有描述。在区域上，不同类型的控件是按层次结构组织的 沿着肩尾轴2-8。在网络级别，LFC被分成两个功能网络，前端- 顶叶(FP)和扣带盖(CO)，支持在两个不同的时间尺度9-10进行控制。尽管有相似之处 在这些模型之间，没有一个节俭的模型可以同时考虑两种规模。一个新颖的视角 这使得网络能够重叠(即共享区域)，可以作为其协调的基础13。基于 从LFC重叠网络成员的初步分析中获得的证据，我提出了一个新的两个- LFC职能组织的规模模型。LFC区域形成了一个以前未被识别的“任务”网络， 重叠FP和CO网络。任务网络支持使用LFC的任务，并连接LFC 按层次划分区域。该提案将通过(1)比较变化来测试该模型及其重叠网络 在静态和不同控制需求的任务执行过程中的网络集成和区域分层影响中， 以及(2)因果检验重叠的网络成员资格如何预测网络连通性在 区域扰动。在目标1中，我将部分复制先前的研究18以评估与任务相关的网络 任务网络与FP、CO网络的整合及其与层级强度的关系 在LFC区域之间。我将收集32名参与者的休息状态数据以及两个会议的fMRI数据 在行为任务期间记录的，其条件具有不同的控制要求，因此从事不同的 LFC区域。集成的图论措施将应用于每个条件11-12内的任务数据。为了这个 分析，我预测任务网络与FP和/或CO网络的集成在条件上将更好 要求在每个网络中招募LFC区域。我还会将网络特定的变化与 随着各地区等级实力的变化，从休息到每项任务条件的整合。为 通过这一分析，我预测FP和CO网络与任务网络整合的变化将是积极的 与它们所包含的LFC区域的等级强度相关。对于目标2，我将在前面的基础上进行扩展 我们的实验23报告了评估不同重叠区域时网络连接性如何变化的工作 网络成员配置文件会受到经颅磁刺激(TMS)的干扰。我要收三个 32名参与者的fMRI数据会议。会话1将用于确定FP中的单独TMS目标 属于和不属于任务网络的网络。在第二节课和第三节课中，我将收集前后的数据 刺激这些目标中的一个。我预测，作为任务网络一部分的站点的TMS将复制 以前的结果，而TMS到的站点不是会引起变化的，仅限于FP网络。建议数 研究将为我的新型LFC模型提供支持，并将首次直接测试两者之间的关系 区域和网络的功能组织。

PROJECT SUMMARY. The organization of cognitive control processes in lateral frontal cortex (LFC) has been described in both regional and network models. Regionally, different types of control are organized hierarchically along a rostrocaudal axis2-8. At the network level, LFC is segregated into two functional networks, the fronto- parietal (FP) and cingulo-opercular (CO), which support control at two different timescales9-10. Despite similarities between the these models, there is no parsimonious model that accounts for both scales. A novel perspective that allows networks to overlap (i.e., share regions) can serve as a basis for their reconciliation13. Based on evidence from a preliminary analysis of overlapping network membership in LFC, I have proposed a novel two- scale model of LFC functional organization. LFC regions form a previously unidentified "task" network that overlaps the FP and CO networks. The task network supports tasks that engage the LFC, and connects LFC regions hierarchically. This proposal will test this model and its overlapping networks by (1) comparing changes in network integration and regional hierarchical influence at rest and during tasks with different control demands, and (2) causally testing how overlapping network membership predicts changes in network connectivity after regional perturbation. In Aim 1, I will partially replicate a previous study18 to assess task-related network integration between the task network and FP and CO networks and its relationship with hierarchical strength between LFC regions. I will collect resting state data in 32 participants as well as two sessions of fMRI data recorded during a behavioral task whose conditions have different control demands and therefore engage distinct LFC regions. Graph theory measures of integration will be applied to task data within each condition11-12. For this analysis, I predict that integration of the task network with the FP and/or CO networks will be greater in conditions with demands that recruit LFC regions in each network. I will also correlate the change in network-specific integration from rest to each task condition with the change in regional hierarchical strength in each region. For this analysis, I predict that the change in FP and CO network integration with the task network will be positively correlated with the hierarchical strength of the LFC regions they contain. For Aim 2, I will expand on previously reported work from our lab23 to assess how network connectivity changes when regions with different overlapping network membership profiles are perturbed with transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). I will collect three sessions of fMRI data in 32 participants. Session 1 will be used to identify separate TMS targets in the FP network that are and are not a part of the task network. In sessions 2 and 3, I will collect data before and after stimulation of one of these targets. I predict that TMS to the site that is part of the task network will replicate the previous results, while TMS to the site that is not will cause changes limited to the FP network. The proposed studies will provide support for my novel model of LFC, and will be the first direct tests of the relationship between functional organization of regions and networks.