Decreasing of Birth Rate and Family Planning Movement in Post-war Japan

我继续采访计划生育指导员。我代表其中一个组织，找到了关于课程和讲座的宝贵资源、关于助产士意见的报告以及“人道做法模式”。整合资源，研究结果如下：1.计划生育运动是由他们执行的，从1955年开始得到预算的支持。1957年，大坂府保健中心或大坂市保健中心临时雇用的指导员大约有550人。这些公共卫生中心将计划生育作为对穷人或对母亲和婴儿的服务之一。她们在促进计划生育方面发挥了关键作用，因为很少有助产士渴望成为助产士。在大坂，还有其他类型的教师，他们受雇于公司或公共机构，如警察和教师。因此，促进家族p4的根源是多种多样的。助产士协会为指导员开设课程，并强迫执业助产士参加，其中约有一半人不愿意参加。助产士协会在二战前的很长一段时间里一直对助产士有着令人信服的权力。公共卫生中心在很长一段时间内也对他们有着强制性的权力。有一些工会，雇用他们在二战前，因此有一些根源一样，助产士缝二战前。

I continued to interview instructors of family planning. On behalf of one of them, I found precious resources on curriculum and lectures, the report on opinion of midwives, and `humane models for practices. Assembling resources, findings are as follows:1. Family planning movement was performed by them, supported by budget from 1955.2. In 1957, there seemed to be about five hundred and fifty instructors who are temporarily employed by Osaka prefecture Health Centers or Osaka City Health Centers. Those public health centers enforced family planning as one of services for the poor or as one of services for mothers and babies. They are suggested to have had crucial role for promotion of family planning because there were few midwives who were eager to be instructors.3. In Osaka, there were other kind of instructors who were employed by companies or public offices such as police and teachers. Therefore , there were many kinds of roots for promoting family p4. The midwifery association gave courses for instructors and compelled practicing midwives to have them, about half amount of whom are reluctant to.5. The midwifery association had been having compelling power over midwives for a long time-before WWII. Public health centers had also been having compelling power over them for a long time. There were some labor unions which employed them before WWII Therefore there were some roots alike by which midwives sewed before WWII.