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Language Change and Complex Adaptive System - Based on the Historical Data in English and Networks

语言变迁与复杂适应系统——基于英语和网络的历史数据

基本信息

批准号：
17520337
负责人：
OGURA Mieko
金额：
$ 2.25万
依托单位：
Tsurumi Junior College
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
2005
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2005 至 2007
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-17520337/
关键词：
language change linguistic selection language game polysemy social network small-world network complex adaptive system word frequency 言語拡散過程ネットワーク

项目摘要

1. Language Change and Social NetworksIn Ogura & Wang, Dynamic Dialectology and Complex Adaptive System, Methods and Data in English Historical Dialectology (ed. by Dossena & Lass, Peter Lang, 2004), I synthesized linguistic selection, i.e., unconscious functional selection between available variants by learners, and language games, i.e., language spread by cooperation in interactions of individuals in the complex adaptive system of dynamic dialectology. In this study, I further Ogura & Wang (2004) and investigate how different structures of social networks, especially small-world networks and scale-free networks, affect the linguistic type of change and the game type of change, based on simulation and historical data from English. Our historical data constitute empirical basis for theories, and computer simulations allow us to create scenarios in which a large number of entities interact in an observable way.2. Evolution of the Small-world Networks of the LexiconIn this study I demons … More trate that polysemous links have a profound impact in the organization of the semantic graph, conforming it as a small-world network, based on the data from WordNet (version 2.0) and A Thesaurus of Old English (TOE) (J. Roberts, et. al., 1995). First I compile the database of 114648 nouns and 11306 verbs of Word Net and 18265 nouns and 7161 verbs in TOE, including the information of monosemy, polysemy, synonymy, word frequency, hypernymy, date of origin and date of retention.Then I show that the inclusion of polysemy decreases the average minimal length and produces a considerable number of words with high connectivity and clustering, creating a clustered short-range, i.e., small-world network.Furthermore I show that the higher frequency words construct the higher level of the hypernymy tree within each lexical category. This architecture is robust through the times, forming the basis of the small-world network.To the best of my knowledge, the investigations under 1 and 2 are the first attempts to connect the recently developed network theory to a large-scale English historical data, and they gave much impact at the International Conferences. Less

1.语言变化与社会网络在Ogura和Wang的《动态方言学与复杂适应系统》（Dynamic Dialectology and Complex Adaptive System）中，我综合了语言选择，即，学习者在可用变体之间的无意识功能选择，以及语言游戏，即，在动态方言学的复杂适应系统中，语言通过个体之间的相互作用而传播。本研究在Ogura & Wang（2004）的基础上，基于模拟和历史数据，探讨了社交网络的不同结构，特别是小世界网络和无标度网络，对语言类型变化和博弈类型变化的影响。我们的历史数据构成了理论的经验基础，计算机模拟使我们能够创建大量实体以可观察的方式相互作用的场景。词汇小世界网络的演化在本研究中， ...更多信息根据WordNet（2.0版）和古英语词库（TOE）（J. Roberts，et.例如，1995年）。首先，我整理了WordNet的114648个名词和11306个动词数据库和TOE的18265个名词和7161个动词数据库，包括一词多义、同义、词频、上位、然后，我表明，包含多义词减少了平均最小长度，并产生了相当数量的词与高连通性，聚类，创建聚类的短距离，即，此外，我表明，较高的频率的话构建每个词汇类别内的上位树的较高水平。这种结构是强大的通过时间，形成了小世界网络的基础。据我所知，调查1和2是第一次尝试连接最近发展的网络理论，以大规模的英语历史数据，他们在国际会议上产生了很大的影响。少