Lexical Diffusion and Biological Evolution -Based on the Historical Change of English

词汇扩散与生物进化——基于英语的历史变迁

• 批准号: 11610512
• 负责人: OGURA Mieko
• 金额: $ 1.28万
• 依托单位: Tsurumi University, Junior College
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 1999
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1999 至 2000
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-11610512/
• 关键词: lexical diffusion; biological evolution; brain-language coevolution; lexical change; word order change; emergence of vowel system; perceptual constraint; cognitive constraint; 母音体系の出現; 神経ネットワーク; 進化計量法; 脳と言語の共合的進化; 意義変化; 母音体系の生成; 記憶上の制約

I investigated the parallels in the mechanism of lexical diffusion and biological evolution from the perspective of brain-language coevolution.(1) Lexical changeI have shown, based on the data from Thesaurus of Old English (1995) and Roget's International Thesaurus (1995), that lexical change occurs through competition and selection among near-synonyms within semantic fields. Furthermore, I have explained that lexical change is a response to cognitive selectional constraints operating on brain-language coevolution in symbolic communication. I have also tried to design a dynamic system where words may be added, transmitted and deleted by the neural network.(2) Word order changeI have claimed, based on the O(bject)V(erb) and VO with a postnominal relative clause in late Old English, that the interaction between the evolution of relative clauses and perceptual factors caused by center-embeddings actuated the change from OV to VO.I have shown that the mnemonic and attentional threshold tends to prevent the particular sets of combinatorial and sequential calculations. Furthermore, I have tried to demonstrate that center-embeddings directly affect the learnability of a language based on the connectionist simulations.(3) Evolution of vowel systemUsing Genetic Algorithm, I have simulated the adaptive process of vowel system evolution from random states to optimal states, based on fitness functions in terms of perceptual contrast and ease of production. The simulation shows not only the emergence of the vowel systems, but also the competition of variant forms in the speech community, e.g., the variation of the low vowels in Old English and Middle English.

本文从脑-语言协同进化的角度考察了词汇扩散机制和生物进化机制的相似性。(1)词汇变化：基于《古英语词表》(1995)和《罗杰国际词表》(1995)的数据，词汇变化是通过语义场中近义词之间的竞争和选择发生的。此外，我已经解释过，词汇变化是对符号交流中大脑-语言共同进化的认知选择限制的反应。(2)词序的变化我根据古英语晚期的O(Bject)V(Erb)和VO与后置关系从句，认为关系从句的演变与认知因素之间的相互作用推动了从OV到VO的变化。我已经证明，助记和注意阈值往往会阻止特定的组合和顺序计算。元音系统的演化利用遗传算法模拟了元音系统从随机状态到最优状态的自适应演化过程，基于适应度函数，从感知对比度和易生性两个方面对元音系统的演化过程进行了模拟。模拟不仅显示了元音系统的出现，而且还显示了语音社区中各种形式的竞争，如古英语和中世纪英语中低元音的变异。

项目成果

Mieko Ogura: "Modeling the Evolution of Sound Systems with Genetic Algorithm"IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation and congnitive Science. (special issue). (2001)

Mieko Ogura：“用遗传算法对声音系统的进化进行建模”IEEE 进化计算和认知科学汇刊。

Ogura, Mieko: "Perceptual Factors and Word Order Change in English"Proceedings for the 11th International Conference on English Historical Linguistics. (2001)

小仓美惠子：“英语中的感知因素和词序变化”第 11 届国际英语历史语言学会议论文集。

Mieko Ogura: "Modeling the Evolution of Sound Systems with Genetic Algorithm"IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation and Cognitive Science. Special issue. (2000)

Mieko Ogura：“用遗传算法对声音系统的进化进行建模”IEEE 进化计算和认知科学汇刊。

Mieko Ogura: "Perceptual Factors and Word Order Change in English"Proceedings for the 11th International Conference on English Historical Linguistics. (2001)

Mieko Ogura：“英语中的感知因素和词序变化”第 11 届国际英语历史语言学会议论文集。

Ogura, Mieko: "Modeling the Evolution of Sound Systems with Genetic Algorithm"IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation and Cognitive Science. (special issue). (2001)

Ogura, Mieko：“用遗传算法对声音系统的进化进行建模”IEEE 进化计算和认知科学汇刊。