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Legal Historical Researches of Political Trials: in particular the King's Trial under the French Revolution

政治审判的法律史研究：特别是法国大革命时期的国王审判

基本信息

批准号：
17530008
负责人：
ISHII Mitsuki
金额：
$ 1.91万
依托单位：
Nagoya University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
2005
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2005 至 2007
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-17530008/
关键词：
French Revolution Political Trial Louis XVI Legal History 国王裁判

项目摘要

Until now, legal historians were not so interested in the theme of the trial of Louis XVI, partly and probably, because of its distinctively political feature, that is, the kings trial under the French Revolution is one of the most typical "political trials". But we think that to study the legal aspects of this so-called "political" trial sheds light on the principles of the modern criminal procedures In reality were them several questions of legal procedure to be abed: for example, whether the former king Louis would be tried by a regular court, or whether extraordinary charges and the person of the offender might warrant a special tribunal It was decided that trial be by the National Convention (the National Assembly) rather than by the ordinary court because the Convention represented the people sovereign. From a legal point of view, the document of the kings defense attorneys is naturally very important and interesting. They challenged the extraordinary character of the trial and the absence of regular procedure, observing that the Convention was acting as both prosecutor and jury. But the idea of inviolability and the personal guilt of Louis was sub merged by the political need to discredit the monarchy in finer of new republic. Beginning on 15 January 1793, three and one additional questions were put to a roll call of the Convention. We put this information into tabular format, that is, make up a list of the results of voting of 749 members of the Convention. Such a study is the first and epoch-making approach at least in my country. We can conclude that the considerations of legal aspects in this case also have the very important effect.

到目前为止，法律史学家对路易十六审判的主题并不是很感兴趣，部分原因可能是由于其鲜明的政治特征，即法国大革命时期对国王的审判是最典型的“政治审判”之一。但我们认为，研究这一所谓“政治”审判的法律方面，有助于揭示现代刑事诉讼程序的原则。实际上，法律程序中有几个问题需要解决：例如，前国王路易斯是否应由普通法院审判，或者是否有特殊指控和罪犯本人可能需要一个特别法庭。决定由国民大会（国民议会）而不是普通法院审判，因为国民大会代表主权人民。从法律的角度来看，国王辩护律师的文书自然是非常重要和有趣的。他们对审判的特殊性质和缺乏正常程序提出质疑，认为《公约》既是检察官又是陪审团。但神圣不可侵犯的观念和路易的个人罪责被新共和国时期诋毁君主制的政治需要所淹没。从1793年1月15日开始，在《公约》的唱名表决中又提出了三个和一个问题。我们把这一资料制成表格形式，即编制一份《公约》749个成员国投票结果的清单。这样的研究至少在我国是第一次，也是划时代的。我们可以得出结论，在这种情况下，法律方面的考虑也有非常重要的影响。