A Study on European Union Policy Choices between Free Movement of Capital and that of Labour

这项研究是基于我在2002-2004年间由青年科学家资助的三年研究，并从不同的角度研究了同一主题。作为这项研究的成果，我发表了两篇论文。第一篇论文指出，尽管资本流动和劳动力流动都是欧盟认同自己的重要因素，但由于全球化的加速，资本流动确实很难控制，而劳动力迁移相对容易管理，因此，无论是成员国还是欧盟的政策制定者都选择控制劳动力流动而不是资本流动作为确定治理空间的工具。然而，组织国内劳动力市场的实权仍然掌握在每个成员国手中，这让欧盟的一项尝试受挫。第二篇论文专门针对旅游业。随着发达国家制造业的衰落，旅游业对欧盟实现经济增长和降低失业率的作用越来越重要。本文概述了欧盟旅游业劳动力市场的特点和欧盟旅游政策的发展，指出欧盟旅游业的发展与欧盟的制度发展、跨国公司跨欧活动形成的网络、促进欧盟公民自由流动的政策变化以及欧盟的地理扩张密切相关。

This study is based on my past three-year study from 2002-2004 supported by Grant-in-Aid for Young Scientists and looks into the same subject from a different angle. I published two papers as an achievement of this study. The first paper points out that although both capital mobility and labour mobility are very important factors for EU to identify itself, it has been really difficult to control capital movement due to acceleration of "Globalization", while labour migration is relatively easy to be managed, and therefore, controlling labour mobility is rather selected than capital mobility by policy makers of either a member country or EU, as an instrument to identify a space governed. However, real power to organize domestic labour market is still in the possession of each member country, which makes an attempt by EU frustrated. The second paper is specially focused on tourism. Tourism sector has been more and more important for EU to achieve economic growth and reduce unemployment, since manufacture sector has been declined in developed countries. The paper summarize features of EU labour market in tourism sector and development of EU tourism policy, and points out that development of this sector is closely related with institutional development of EU, network created by trans-European activity of multinational corporations, policy change facilitating free movement of EU citizens, and geographical enlargement of EU.