Genetic differentiation of genus Pungitius relic to the Japan sea slope of Asiancontinent and Japan archipelago

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Phylogenetic relationship among three relic species of genus Pungnius along the Japan Sea slope both Asian Continent (P. kaibarae and P. bussei) and Japan Achipelago (Omono type of P. pungitius) was assessed by allozyme and mtDNA sequence analyses. Two major genetic groups were detected by 15 loci of enzymes. One genetic group was consist of two populations of P. bussei in the Maritime of Russia and one of the two P. kaibarae populations in middle part of Korean Peninsula face to Japan Sea. Another genetic group contained two populations of the Omono type of P. pungitius in Yamagata and Akita, and one of the P. kaibarae populations face to the Korea Strait.Partial sequences of CR (346 bp), Cyt-b (872 bp) and ATPase6 (383 bp) of mtDNA were determined for the three species and the freshwater type of P. pungitius. Three major haplotype groups were detected by each of the three genes. Two populations of P. bussei in Russia and P. kaibarae in Korea, respectively, formed a common major haplotype group. Haplotypes of the Omono type in Yamagata were contained to the second major haplotype group. Haplotype of the Omono type in Akita did not belong the same major haplotype group as that of Yamagata but clustered as the third major haplotype group with the freshwater tvoe of P. punritius in Honshu and Hokkaido.The first major haplotype group containing P. bussei and P. kaibarae may belong to the same haplotype group B proposed by (Takahashi and Goto, 2001), judging from the topology of the NJ tree and sampling locality. Disagreement between phylogenetic trees by allozyme data or mtDNA sequences may result of secondary contacts and consequent introgression of mtDNA from the freshwater type of P. pungitius to the Omono type in Akita.