Education for Promoting Verbal Communication maong Elderly Residents in Long-Term Care Facilities and Assessment of its effects

研究目的：我们在之前的研究中阐明，老年护理机构护理人员的言语沟通分为用于日常生活活动的I型沟通和用于社交生活的II型沟通，后者促进了老年人的言语交流。在本研究中，我们进行并评估了促进第二类沟通的教育计划的效果。研究方法：研究对象包括三家长期疗养机构的38名老年人，以及267名有机会与这些老年人互动的护理人员。我们开展了一个由讲座和小组工作组成的教育项目，使他们了解第二类沟通的重要性，并在护理和护理活动中实施第二类沟通。我们测量了工作人员在干预前、干预后一周和干预后三个月与老年人交谈的时间以及老年人说话的持续时间，并对效果进行了统计比较。结果：在三家机构中的两家，II型沟通在干预后一周显著增加，在三个月后也保持较高水平，尽管没有观察到显著差异。同样的结果也出现在老年人的言语持续时间上。干预后一周和三个月，随着每名工作人员中老年人人数的增加，第二类沟通显著减少。

Study objective : We elucidated in a previous study that verbal communication among nursing staff at geriatric care facilities comprised type I communication, which was used for performing activities of daily living, and type II communication, which was necessary for social life, and that the latter promoted more speech among elderly individuals. In the present study, we conducted and assessed the effects of an educational program for promoting type II communication.Study methods : Subjects included 38 elderly individuals at three long-term recuperation facilities in addition to 267 nursing staff who had opportunities to interact with these individuals. We conducted an educational program consisting of lectures and groupwork for staff that enabled them to understand the importance of type II communication and to implement type II communication in nursing and care activities. We measured the amount of time the staff spent talking to elderly individuals as well as the duration of speech among elderly individuals prior to, one week after, and three months after intervention and statistically compared the effects.Results : At two of the three facilities, type II communication significantly increased one week after intervention and also remained high after three months, although no significant differences were observed. Similar results were obtained for the duration of speech among elderly individuals. Type II communication significantly decreased one week as well as three months after intervention as the number of elderly individuals per staff member increased.