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The Influence of U.S. Anti-Communist Policies on the Japanese Post-War Broadcasting System

美国反共政策对日本战后广播系统的影响

基本信息

批准号：
18520515
负责人：
ARIMA Tetsuo
金额：
$ 1.24万
依托单位：
Waseda University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
2006
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2006 至 2007
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

Much studies have been done to show us how 'Fhisner Memo',the draft of Japanese Broadcasting Law, which later became very basis of the Japanese Post-War Broadcasting System, was prepared but no study has been done to show us why it was prepared. The aim of this study is to show how U.S. Anti-Communist Policy that changed the Occupation Policy of SCAP, influence the memo, and through the memo influence Japanese Post-War Broadcasting System.Examining documents and records in NARA II, Truman Presidential Library, and so on, it is found out that the influence of Anti-Communism Policy was three fold, l)Douglas McArthur's preparation for the termination of the Occupation, 2) SCAP's preparation for the international broadcasting, especially, broadcasting of VOA. to the Communist's Countries, 3) Changes in the Occupation Policy made by pressure from American Council on Japan, the Anti-Communism lobbying group headed by Joseph Grew and Eugene Dooman.It is found out that the Feisner memo enabled the establishment of commercial broadcasting station because the Occupation Policy changed from Pro-Socialist to Anti-Communist. Under the new Occupation Policy, it is not desirable to allow NHK monopoly, because it was, they say, controlled by the radical labor union. It is desirable to have commercial broadcasting stations to break the monopoly of red ridden NHK and to encourage big businesses to join the commercial broadcasting,.In conclusion, it can be said that the aim of Feisner Memo is to establish check and balance system in Post-Cccupation Japanese Broadcasting by introducing commercial broadcasting. In this sense the memo was deeply colored by U.S. Anti-Communist Policy.

已经做了很多研究来向我们展示“Fhisner Memo”（后来成为日本战后广播系统的基础的日本广播法草案）是如何准备的，但没有进行任何研究来向我们展示为什么要准备它。本研究的目的是展示美国的反共政策如何改变了SCAP的占领政策，影响了备忘录，并通过备忘录影响了日本战后广播系统。通过检查NARA II、杜鲁门总统图书馆等的文件和记录，发现反共政策的影响有三重，1）道格拉斯·麦克阿瑟为结束占领所做的准备，2）SCAP的准备对于国际广播，特别是美国之音的广播。 3）在美国对日委员会、以约瑟夫·格鲁和尤金·杜曼为首的反共游说团体的压力下，占领政策发生了变化。发现费斯纳备忘录使得商业广播电台的建立成为可能，因为占领政策从亲社会主义变成了反共。根据新的占领政策，允许 NHK 垄断是不可取的，因为他们说，它是由激进工会控制的。应该有商业广播电台来打破赤裸裸的NHK的垄断，并鼓励大企业加入商业广播。综上所述，可以说，费斯纳备忘录的目的是通过引入商业广播来建立后占领日本广播的制衡体系。从这个意义上说，这份备忘录深受美国反共政策的影响。