The Influence of U.S. Anti-Communist Policies on the Japanese Post-War Broadcasting System

人们已经做了很多研究来向我们展示日本广播法草案《菲斯纳备忘录》是如何准备的，但没有研究表明为什么要准备它。日本广播法后来成为日本战后广播制度的基础。本研究旨在展示美国反共政策对南华早报占领政策的影响，并通过《备忘录》对日本战后广播体制的影响。考查NARA II、杜鲁门总统图书馆等文献资料，发现反共政策的影响有三个方面：L、道格拉斯·麦克阿瑟为结束占领所做的准备；2)南华早报为国际广播，特别是美国之音的广播所做的准备。对共产主义国家来说，3)在美国对日委员会、以约瑟夫·格鲁和尤金·杜曼为首的反共游说团体的压力下，占领政策发生了变化。事实证明，费斯纳备忘录之所以能够建立商业广播电台，是因为占领政策从亲社会主义变成了反共。根据新的占领政策，允许NHK垄断是不可取的，因为他们说，它是由激进的工会控制的。希望有商业电视台来打破日本广播协会的垄断，鼓励大企业加入商业广播。总而言之，费斯纳备忘录的目的可以说是通过引入商业广播来建立后封杀时代日本广播的制衡机制。从这个意义上说，这份备忘录被美国的反共政策深深地涂上了色彩。

Much studies have been done to show us how 'Fhisner Memo',the draft of Japanese Broadcasting Law, which later became very basis of the Japanese Post-War Broadcasting System, was prepared but no study has been done to show us why it was prepared. The aim of this study is to show how U.S. Anti-Communist Policy that changed the Occupation Policy of SCAP, influence the memo, and through the memo influence Japanese Post-War Broadcasting System.Examining documents and records in NARA II, Truman Presidential Library, and so on, it is found out that the influence of Anti-Communism Policy was three fold, l)Douglas McArthur's preparation for the termination of the Occupation, 2) SCAP's preparation for the international broadcasting, especially, broadcasting of VOA. to the Communist's Countries, 3) Changes in the Occupation Policy made by pressure from American Council on Japan, the Anti-Communism lobbying group headed by Joseph Grew and Eugene Dooman.It is found out that the Feisner memo enabled the establishment of commercial broadcasting station because the Occupation Policy changed from Pro-Socialist to Anti-Communist. Under the new Occupation Policy, it is not desirable to allow NHK monopoly, because it was, they say, controlled by the radical labor union. It is desirable to have commercial broadcasting stations to break the monopoly of red ridden NHK and to encourage big businesses to join the commercial broadcasting,.In conclusion, it can be said that the aim of Feisner Memo is to establish check and balance system in Post-Cccupation Japanese Broadcasting by introducing commercial broadcasting. In this sense the memo was deeply colored by U.S. Anti-Communist Policy.