The Influence of U.S. Anti-Communist Policies on the Japanese Post-War Broadcasting System

对后来成为日本战后广播制度基础的《广播法》草案“费雪备忘录”的制定过程进行了大量的研究，但却没有对其制定原因进行研究。本研究旨在探讨美国的反共政策如何改变SCAP的占领政策，影响备忘录，并通过备忘录影响日本战后广播系统。通过对NARA II、Truman Presidential Library等文献资料的分析，发现反共政策的影响有三个方面：1)道格拉斯·麦克阿瑟为结束占领所做的准备；2)SCAP为国际广播，特别是美国之音的广播所做的准备。3)在以约瑟夫·格鲁（Joseph Grew）和尤金·杜曼（Eugene Dooman）为首的反共游说团体“美国对日委员会”（American Council on Japan）的压力下，占领政策发生了变化。据调查，费斯纳备忘录促成了商业广播电台的建立，因为占领政策从亲社会主义转变为反共。根据新的占领政策，允许NHK垄断是不可取的，因为它是由激进的工会控制的。为了打破NHK的垄断，鼓励大企业加入商业广播，希望有商业广播。”综上所述，可以说，《费斯纳备忘录》的目的是通过引入商业广播，在占领后的日本广播中建立制衡制度。从这个意义上说，这份备忘录深受美国反共政策的影响。

Much studies have been done to show us how 'Fhisner Memo',the draft of Japanese Broadcasting Law, which later became very basis of the Japanese Post-War Broadcasting System, was prepared but no study has been done to show us why it was prepared. The aim of this study is to show how U.S. Anti-Communist Policy that changed the Occupation Policy of SCAP, influence the memo, and through the memo influence Japanese Post-War Broadcasting System.Examining documents and records in NARA II, Truman Presidential Library, and so on, it is found out that the influence of Anti-Communism Policy was three fold, l)Douglas McArthur's preparation for the termination of the Occupation, 2) SCAP's preparation for the international broadcasting, especially, broadcasting of VOA. to the Communist's Countries, 3) Changes in the Occupation Policy made by pressure from American Council on Japan, the Anti-Communism lobbying group headed by Joseph Grew and Eugene Dooman.It is found out that the Feisner memo enabled the establishment of commercial broadcasting station because the Occupation Policy changed from Pro-Socialist to Anti-Communist. Under the new Occupation Policy, it is not desirable to allow NHK monopoly, because it was, they say, controlled by the radical labor union. It is desirable to have commercial broadcasting stations to break the monopoly of red ridden NHK and to encourage big businesses to join the commercial broadcasting,.In conclusion, it can be said that the aim of Feisner Memo is to establish check and balance system in Post-Cccupation Japanese Broadcasting by introducing commercial broadcasting. In this sense the memo was deeply colored by U.S. Anti-Communist Policy.