Anthropological Reconsideration of the Dogma of "Competition over Scarce Resource" among the Pastoral Societies in East Africa.

东非牧民社会“争夺稀缺资源”教条的人类学反思。

• 批准号: 18520617
• 负责人: SOGA Toru
• 金额: $ 2.72万
• 依托单位: Hirosaki University
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 2006
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 2006 至 2009
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-18520617/
• 关键词: 民族紛争; 稀少資源; 競合; 避難民; ガブラ; 生活・生態研究; 資源紛争; 希少資源; 民族粉争; 難民

There are increasing the conflicts among the pastoral societies in East Africa. The mass media as well as scholar tend to explain that rival pastoralists compete for the scarce resources such as livestock, green pasture and water in the semi-arid region. However, such conflict and the dogma of "competition over scarce resource" seem to be instigated by the ethnic political elite. In order to reconsider the dogma of "competition over scarce resource," this study clarifies the complex aspects of sharing system of the ecological resources among the pastoral societies before the nationalism prevailed among pastoral societies in East Africa. As a result, it became clear that the different ethnic people coexisted and developed sharing system. For example, the cattle pastoralist who owned water well allowed the camel pastoralist to access their water resources in exchange of their labor force. The cattle pastoralist and camel pastoralist also segregated themselves spatially according to the need of livestock. This segregation decreased the competition over the ecological resource such as green pasture.

东非游牧社会之间的冲突日益增多。大众媒体和学者倾向于解释说，在半干旱地区，相互竞争的牧民争夺牲畜、绿色牧场和水等稀缺资源。然而，这种冲突和“争夺稀缺资源”的教条似乎是由族裔政治精英煽动的。为了重新审视“稀缺资源竞争”的教条，本研究阐明了民族主义在东非游牧社会盛行之前，游牧社会之间生态资源共享制度的复杂性。结果，不同民族的人共存和发展共享制度变得明显。例如，拥有水井的养牛牧民允许骆驼牧民使用他们的水资源，以换取他们的劳动力。养牛牧民和骆驼牧民也根据牲畜的需要在空间上进行隔离。这种隔离减少了对生态资源如绿色草地的竞争。

项目成果

近代化のフィールドワーク

现代化实地考察

• 发表时间: 2008
• 作者: S.B.Tank;Y.Ogawa;Y.Honkura;N.Oshiman;M.K.Tuncer;M.Matsushima;E..Tolak;T.Kaya;I.Rokityansky;片山裕;タンダン アウン;細田尚美;曽我亨(共著)
• 通讯作者: 曽我亨(共著)

(講座世界の先住民族)サハラ以南アフリカ

（当然是世界土著人民）撒哈拉以南非洲

• 发表时间: 2008
• 作者: S.B. Tank;Y. Ogawa;Y. Honkura;N. Oshiman;M.K. Tuncer;M. Matsushima;E.;Tolak;T. Kaya;I. Rokityansk;清水展;曽我亨(共著)
• 通讯作者: 曽我亨(共著)

Sharing System of the"Scarce Resources"in Southern Ethiopia

埃塞俄比亚南部“稀缺资源”共享体系

• 发表时间: 2009
• 期刊: Proceedings of the 16th International Conference of Ethiopian Studies
• 作者: Suzuki;Nobutaka;Toru Soga;Toru Soga
• 通讯作者: Toru Soga

『自然の資源化』(資源人類学 第6巻)

“自然资源化”（资源人类学第6卷）

• 发表时间: 2007
• 作者: Suzuki;Nobutaka;Toru Soga;Toru Soga;Toru Soga;曽我亨;曽我亨;Toru Soga;曽我亨;曽我亨;Toru Soga;曽我 亨;曽我 亨;Toru SOGA(分担執筆);曽我亨;曽我亨;曽我亨;曽我亨;曽我 亨;Toru SOGA;Toru SOGA;Toru SOGA;曽我亨 (分担執筆);曽我亨 (分担執筆);曽我亨 (分担執筆);作道信介;福井勝義;福井勝義;Toru SOGA (分担執筆);曽我亨 (分担執筆)
• 通讯作者: 曽我亨 (分担執筆)

Mobility, Flexibility, and Potential of Nomadic Pastoralism in Eurasia and Africa.(ASAFAS)

欧亚大陆和非洲游牧畜牧业的流动性、灵活性和潜力。(ASAFAS)

• 发表时间: 2007
• 作者: Sun;Xiaogang
• 通讯作者: Xiaogang