Research on the Japanese Red Cross Society documents concerning the treatment of western prisoners of war in Japanese hands during the World War II

日本红十字会关于二战期间日本手中西方战俘待遇的文献研究

• 批准号: 18530015
• 负责人: OKAWA Shiro
• 金额: $ 2.49万
• 依托单位: Aichi University
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 2006
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 2006 至 2007
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-18530015/
• 关键词: History of law; History of international humanitarian law; International law; Japanese history; Political science; ジュネーブ条約; 捕虜問題; 救恤活動

Firstly, we have examined the view of Imperial Japanese Army (IJA) Authorities toward the Prisoners of War (POW), through the “Activity Records" which the former Army Surgeon Director Setsuzo Kinbara kept writing during the war. At the beginning of the war, the Director of the POW Information Bureau, insisted on the observance of the Geneva Convention of the 27^<th> July, 1929 relative to the treatment of Prisoners of War, which the Japanese Government did not ratify. But the Minister of Army at that time rejected this proposal. The view of Army Minister toward POW as such, through the military hierarchy, was canalized to Japanese officers and men at battlefields or POW-camps. This might have resulted in many POW-maltreatment cases. Secondly, we examined former Japanese Red Cross Society (JRCS) Records during the World War II, but, most of which were lost after the war. To make up this lack, we consulted corresponding former Records kept at the Archives of the International Committee o … More f the Red Cross (ICRC) at Geneva. But, the former ICRC Records were so immense that we could consult those from1942until the first half of 1944. So, we considered the reality of (1) POW-camp-visits, (2) Relief-Distribution, (3) Red Cross Messages, consulting the former Records of JRCS and of ICRC from 1942 until the first half of 1944. As a result, we found following three points:a) owing to the prohibition to talk freely with POWs without witness, the POW-camp-visits by the ICRC delegates were of little effect, except for the Hakodate main camp visit of 1944, b) the JRCS Relief Committee for War Prisoners, in cooperation with the ICRC Delegation at Japan, distributed Relief goods to each POW-camp, but being unable to verify whether those goods really arrived at the right destination, c) the system of the Red Cross Messages was established with the mutual cooperation of the POW Information Bureau, the JRCS Relief Committee for War Prisoners and the ICRC Delegation at Japan. On the whole, in spite of the negative attitude from the IJA, the JRCS Relief Committee for War Prisoners, together with the ICRC Delegation at Japan, continued their relief activities for the POWs. Less

首先，我们通过前陆军军医局长金原节三在战争期间撰写的“活动记录”，考察了日本帝国陆军当局对战俘的看法。战争开始时，战俘信息局局长坚持遵守<th>1929年7月27日关于战俘待遇的日内瓦公约，但日本政府没有批准该公约。但当时的陆军部长拒绝了这一建议。陆军大臣对战俘的看法，通过军事等级制度，传达给战场或战俘营的日本军官和士兵。这可能导致了许多战俘虐待案件。其次，我们研究了第二次世界大战期间日本红十字会（JRCS）的记录，但其中大部分在战后丢失。为了弥补这一不足，我们查阅了保存在国际档案委员会档案馆中的相应旧记录。 ...更多信息 f红十字会（红十字委员会）在日内瓦。但是，前红十字委员会的记录是如此之大，以至于我们可以查阅从1942年到1944年上半年的记录。因此，我们参考了1942年至1944年上半年JRCS和红十字国际委员会的记录，考虑了（1）战俘营访问，（2）救济品分发，（3）红十字会信息的现实。结果，我们发现了以下三点：a）由于禁止在没有证人的情况下与战俘自由交谈，红十字国际委员会代表团访问战俘营的效果甚微，除了1944年的函馆主要营地访问外; B）日本红十字会战俘救济委员会与红十字国际委员会驻日本代表团合作，向每个战俘营分发救济物资，但无法核实这些物资是否真正到达正确的目的地; c）在战俘信息局、日本红十字会战俘救济委员会和红十字国际委员会驻日本代表团的相互合作下，建立了红十字会信息系统。总的来说，尽管日本帝国主义军采取了消极态度，但日本红十字会战俘救济委员会与红十字国际委员会驻日本代表团一道，继续为战俘开展救济活动。少

项目成果

日本赤十字社戦中文書の基礎的研究

日本红十字会战时文献基础研究

• 发表时间: 2008
• 期刊: 山梨学院大学「法学論集」 60
• 作者: 中村芳彦;和田仁孝;原 禎嗣
• 通讯作者: 原 禎嗣

Basic Studies on the JRCS Archives during the Second World War

第二次世界大战期间日本红十字会档案基础研究

• 发表时间: 2008
• 期刊: Hogakuronshu (The Yamasashigakuin Law Review) No. 60
• 作者: 中村芳彦;和田仁孝;原 禎嗣;HARA Yoshitsugu
• 通讯作者: HARA Yoshitsugu