Climates and Hbitability of Planets with High Orbital Eccentricities

1.一维能量平衡模式(EBM)的结果(1)气候状况是由年、最大和最小日照之间的复杂相互作用决定的。(2)由于偏心年日照度数的增加，导致偏心距大，气候普遍偏暖。(3)大偏心率抑制了气候态的多重性。(4)近日点临时失控温室状态影响全年气候和宜居性。(5)岁差有时会改变地球气候状况。(6)温度的年变化受倾角和岁差的影响较大。大气环流模式得到的结果(1)气候形势与EBM得到的结果是一致的。但它们比循证医学中发现的要稍微凉爽一些。(2)不同的地面性质对偏心距增大的响应不同。(3)降水分布的年变化可理解为偏心引起的年日照变化修正后的垂直/倾斜状态的变化。对宜居性的影响(1)在热容较大的情况下，宜居性受年日照的控制。(2)在较小的热容下，中等倾角的行星只有在较小的偏心率时才适合居住，因为岁差对气候的影响很大。

1. Results obtained by a one dimensional energy balance model (EBM) (1) Climate regimes are determined through a complex interaction among the annual, maximum and minimum insolations. (2) Owing to the increase of the annual insolation with eccentricity, generally warm climates are resulted at large eccentricity. (3) Multiplicity of the climate states is suppressed at large eccentricity. (4) Temporary run away greenhouse state at the perihelion affects the annual climate and habitability. (5) Precession sometimes changes planetary climate regimes. (6) Annual changes of temperature are a strongly affected by the obliquity and precession.2. Results obtained by a general circulation model (1) The climate regimes are consistent with those obtained by the EBM. But they are a little cooler than those found in EBM. (2) The response to the increase of eccentricity differs depending on the property of the ground surface. (3) Annual changes of precipitation distribution is understood as the upright/oblique regime change modified by the annual insolation change due to the eccentricity.3. Implication on the habitability (1) At large heat capacity, the habitability is controlled by the annual insolation. (2) At small heat capacity, planets with moderate obliquity are habitable only at small eccentricity, because precession affects climate significantly.