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Tribology on Cutting lubricated with minimal quantity of Lubricant

微量润滑剂润滑切削的摩擦学

基本信息

批准号：
18560131
负责人：
ITOIGAWA Fumihiro
金额：
$ 2.27万
依托单位：
Nagoya Institute of Technology
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
2006
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2006 至 2007
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

Effects and mechanisms in MQL cutting are investigated by use of an intermittent turning process and by a friction test apparatus which is designed for measuring friction farce between a freshly formed surface and tool material in plastic contact condition. Cutting tests are conducted using two types of lubricant which have difference in lubricity and in speed range from 100 m/min to 400 m/min. In the case of aluminum alloy cutting, experimental results suggest that the lubrication mechanism of the minimal quantity lubrication considerably changes depending upon the lubricant types and the temperature on the tool face. If ester type lubricant is used and tool surface temperature can be suppressed below certain transition temperature of friction, large reduction in a frictional force can be obtained at an initial stage of intervals of intermittent cutting This result also supports the fact that, if water mist simultaneously supply into the cutting point in the MQL cutting with the ester … More type lubricant, large reduction in cutting force can be obtain. That is, requirements for good lubricity in aluminum alloy cutting are chilling the tool face down to the transition temperature of friction and using the lubricant with high polarity which possesses high transition temperature of friction.On the other hand, in the case of machining difficult-to-cut material such as austenitic stainless steel, the ester type lubricant merely exhibits lubrication effect by the MQL method. This indicates that the considerable temperature rise due to low diffusivity of heat of work material disable the lubrication effect of adsorption layers of the ester type lubricant In this case, another mechanism of lubrication which acts at a high temperature condition might be needed even in the MQL cutting. Generally, metal working fluid for difficult-to-cut material contains chlorine-, sulfur-or phosphate-type additives to react with the work material at the interface. Even if using sulfurized fatty oil as additive in MQL cutting, which possesses relatively low environmental burden among them common additives, little improvement can be obtained. In the MQL, it can be considered that reaction layers from sulfurized fatty oil is insufficient to reduce the friction because total quantity of additive is very small One of the solutions to obtain the good lubrication effect is to increase the adsorption and reaction site on the surface. It was found that iron oxide enhances adsorption and reaction between iron and sulfur-type additive. accordingly enhancement of surface oxidation can be considered to be a good method to improve the lubricity Prom the viewpoint of the oxidation enhancement, to supply water mists simultaneously is adopted for the MQL cutting of the difficult-to-machine material In this situation, the water mists easily evaporate and be superheated due to cutting heat, and then, promote surface oxidation. EPMA analyses supports surface oxidation and friction test indicates good lubricity. In actual cutting test, cutting force reduction about 10% can be obtained with the water mists adding to the MQL. Less

本文采用间歇车削工艺和摩擦试验装置研究了MQL切削的效果和机理。切削试验进行使用两种类型的润滑剂，具有不同的润滑性和速度范围从100米/分钟至400米/分钟。在铝合金切削的情况下，实验结果表明，最小量润滑的润滑机制显着变化取决于润滑剂的类型和温度的工具面。如果使用酯类润滑剂，并且可以将工具表面温度抑制在一定的摩擦转变温度以下，则可以在间歇切削的间隔的初始阶段获得摩擦力的大幅降低。该结果还支持以下事实，即，如果在使用酯类的MQL切削中同时向切削点供应水雾， ...更多信息型润滑剂，切削力可大幅度降低。也就是说，在铝合金切削中，为了获得良好的润滑性，需要将刀具面朝下冷却至摩擦转变温度，并使用具有高摩擦转变温度的高极性润滑剂。另一方面，在加工奥氏体不锈钢等难切削材料的情况下，酯型润滑剂仅在MQL方法中显示出润滑效果。这表明，由于工作材料的热扩散率低而导致的相当大的温度上升使酯型润滑剂的吸附层的润滑效果失效。在这种情况下，即使在MQL切削中，也可能需要在高温条件下起作用的另一种润滑机制。难加工材料的金属加工液一般含有氯、硫或磷酸盐类添加剂，与被加工材料在界面处发生反应。硫化脂肪油作为MQL切削加工的添加剂，在常用添加剂中环境负荷相对较低，但效果不佳。在MQL中，由于添加剂的总量很少，可以认为硫化脂肪油的反应层不足以降低摩擦。获得良好润滑效果的解决办法之一是增加表面的吸附和反应位点。结果表明，氧化铁的存在促进了铁与硫型添加剂之间的吸附和反应。从氧化强化的观点出发，对难加工材料的MQL切削采用同时补加水雾的方法，由于水雾易蒸发，切削热使水雾过热，从而促进表面氧化。电子探针分析支持表面氧化和摩擦测试表明良好的润滑性。在实际切削试验中，加入细水雾后，切削力可降低10%左右。少