Structural Design Consideration and Performance Evaluation of Sophisticated House with Constant Temperature and Humidity

近年来，由于提倡节能，要求对住宅的湿热性能进行定量的表征。提出了几种实用的计算方法，用于评价住宅节能措施。然而，这些方法没有考虑到壁组件中的水分传递。湿度计算仅受通风影响，并仅关注建筑空间。在此基础上，利用基于热湿传递和气流物理模型的建筑物整体湿热环境模拟软件，通过对比数值实验，阐明了札幌、东京和福冈等气候条件从寒冷到季节性闷热的地区墙体吸湿和放湿对空调负荷的潜在影响。此外，还考虑了相变蓄热材料对热环境的影响， 关于我们 敏感的分析。主要结果如下：与考虑墙体内湿传递的详细计算和传统的在室内空气中加入假设湿容量来近似墙体吸放湿的简化计算相比，空调总热负荷和潜热负荷的计算误差分别在10%和30%以上。在加热的高湿热设定点和冷却的低湿热设定点中，误差变得更大。墙体吸放湿对空调负荷的影响是不可忽视的，简化计算时假定室内空气湿容量为常用值16.7g/（m3.kg/kg（DA）），估算出的潜热负荷相当大。假设湿容量是日本住宅性能指示法的基本要求，虽然误差量会因供暖/制冷条件和建筑规格而变化，但也可能是误差原因。详细计算的供暖和制冷潜热负荷在空间调节开始时标志着最大值，并随着时间的推移逐渐减少。由于水分在自然条件下储存在壁组件中，特别是在空间调节开始时由于壁的水分吸附和解吸而影响潜热负荷，与全天候空调相比，间歇式空调的详细计算与简化计算之间的误差较大，含相变材料的室内材料可以在一定温度范围内缓解室内温度变化相变的范围;特别是在建筑物围护结构如外墙、天花板和地板上使用时。如果PVM的熔点等于用于空间调节的预设温度，则长期加热和冷却负荷最大程度地降低。随着PCM容量的增加，热负荷降低的幅度更大。少

The hygrothermal performance of houses is recently being required to indicate quantitatively due to the encouragement of energy conservation. Several calculation methods are practically proposed to evaluate energy saving measures of houses. However, those methods do not take into account moisture transfer in wall assemblies. Humidity calculation is simply affected by ventilation and focuses on just the building spaces. Then the potential influence of moisture sorption and desorption of walls on the space conditioning load is clarified in Sapporo, Tokyo and Fukuoka, in which the climate conditions are distributed from cold to seasonally sultry, through the comparative numerical experiments utilizing the simulation software of the hygrothermal environment of whole buildings based upon detailed physical models on heat and moisture transfer and airflow. Moreover, the influence of heat storage materials utilizing PCM (phase change material) on the thermal environment is considered through t … More he sensitive analysis. The major results obtained are listed below.Compared to the detailed calculation taking into account moisture transfer in wall assemblies and the conventional simplified calculation adding the hypothetical moisture capacity into the indoor air to approximate moisture sorption and desorption of walls, the calculation error of the total heat load and the latent heat load for space conditioning accounts for over 10% and 30% respectively. The error becomes larger in the high hygrothermal set-point for heating and in the low hygrothermal set-point for cooling. The influence of moisture sorption and desorption of walls is unable to disregard to predict the space conditioning load.The simplified calculation assuming the moisture capacity of indoor air is commonly used value, 16.7g/(m3.kg/kg(DA)), estimates the latent heat load quite large. The hypothetical moisture capacity, which is the essential requirement of Housing Performance Indication Law in Japan, may be error cause although the error amount is changed by conditions of heating/cooling and building specifications.The latent heat load for both heating and cooling of the detailed calculation marks the maximum value at the start of space conditioning and decreases gradually with time. As the moisture is stored up into the wall assemblies at the time of natural conditions and especially impacts the latent heat load at start of space conditioning due to moisture sorption and desorption of walls, the calculation error between the detailed and simplified calculation becomes larger in intermittent space conditioning compared to all day space conditioning.The interior material with PCM can alleviate indoor temperature change within a temperature range of the phase change ; particularly in case it is used at the building envelopes such as exterior walls, ceiling and floor. Term heating and cooling load is most reduced if a melting point of PVM is equal to the preset temperature for space conditioning. The heat load reduced more as the capacity of PCM increases. Less