Development of evaluation tools for countermeasure technologies harnessing marine ecosystem

建立了一个物理-生物耦合模型，模拟氮和碳循环，以评估利用海洋生态系统的技术。由于颗粒有机物（POM）的降解过程会影响到将碳从表层输送到深层的生物泵的效率，因此该模型主要考虑POM的降解过程。所采用的生态系统模型是基于最流行的氮循环模型之一KKYS，但也考虑了一些新的隔室，如细菌（BAC），半难降解POM（SR-POM）和溶解无机碳（DIC）。该模型是由实验室的实验数据，其中在目标站点采样的海水进行了调整。开发的模型的性能进行了比较，原来的KKYS讨论模型的可用性。然后，将该模型应用于模拟人工上升流发生器安装的目标区域的生态系统行为。利用三维生态系统模型的结果确定的参数，通过垂直一维生态系统模型估算了长期碳收支。结果表明，难降解有机物的分解影响了C/N比值的垂直分布，从而导致CO2收支逐渐发生变化;通过扩展IFPSIM，建立了一个包含水产品的粮食经济模型。渔业产品的介绍是根据供给和需求模式对鱼类进行分类，对典型鱼类的生产和需求进行建模，然后将模型扩展到所有渔业产品。在模拟使用发达的模型，它表明，自给自足的渔业产品，不依赖饲料谷物，将作出重大贡献的整体自给自足的基本动物蛋白质来源。

A coupled physical-biological model was developed to simulate the nitrogen and carbon cycles to evaluate the technologies harnessing marine ecosystems. The model is focusing on the degradation of particulate organic matter (POM), because the process should much affects on the efficiency of the biological pump which transport carbon from the surface to the deep layer. The employed ecosystem model is based on KKYS which is one of the most popular nitrogen cycle model, but some new compartments such as Bacteria (BAC), Semi-Refractory POM (SR-POM) and dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) are also considered. The model is tuned by the laboratory experimental data in which the seawater sampled at the target site was used. The performance of the developed model is compared to that of the original KKYS to discuss the availability of the model. Then, the model is applied to simulate the ecosystem behaviour in the target area where the artificial upwelling generator is installed. The long-term carbon budget is also estimated by vertical one-dimensional ecosystem model using the parameters determined from the results of the three-dimensional model. It is clarified that CO2 budget gradually changes because the vertical profile of C/N ratio is affected due to the decomposition of refractory organic matters.A food economic model including fishery products is also developed by expanding IFPSIM which was originally made for analyzing agricultural economic polices. Fishery products are introduced by categorizing fish species according to patterns of supply and demand, modeling production and demand for typical fish species, and then extending the model to all fishery products. In simulations using the developed model, it is demonstrated that self-sufficiency in fishery products, which do not rely on feed grain, would make a substantial contribution to overall self-sufficiency in sources of essential animal protein.