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Research of diatoms and aquatic bacteria for estimating drowned site of a decomposed cadaver

研究硅藻和水生细菌以估计腐烂尸体的溺水地点

基本信息

批准号：
18590640
负责人：
YUKAWA Nobuhiro
金额：
$ 2.53万
依托单位：
University of Miyazaki
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
2006
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2006 至 2007
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-18590640/
关键词：
drowning diatom aquatic bacteria marine bacteria plankton estuary salinity

项目摘要

We collected 68 fresh, brackish and sea water samples from various sites around the estuaries of two rivers at high and low tides. Sea water flowed about 2.4 (salinity, 2.2% at the site) and 1.2 km (1.8%) upstream of the estuaries, but the surface comprised essentially fresh water up to the mouth. Sites contained 69 - 22,200 diatoms/50 ml of water and the numbers varied by depth and at sites separated by only about 1.2 km. Diatoms ranged from 2.8 to 429 (mean range, 16.1-59.2)μm in size. Large pennate diatoms populated fresh water areas, and most sedimented before reaching the sea. Tides and the nature of the river often altered diatomaceous assemblages at the same estuarial sites. Caution is recommended for forensic interpretation of aqueous media to deduce drowning sites.We also detected numerous bioluminescent bacteria in blood samples from two cadavers that had been immersed in estuarine environments. Homologous analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene identified the bioluminescent colonies as Vibrio fischeri and V. harveyi, which normally inhabit seawater. These findings in the blood from immersed bodies suggested brackish or marine water aspiration because our previous study showed that few other marine bacteria invade and predominate post mortem. This simple and rapid bacteriological test has potential as a marker supporting a conclusion of death by drowning.

我们在涨潮和退潮时从两条河流入海口周围的不同地点采集了68个淡水、咸水和海水样本。海水流向河口上游约2.4公里(盐度，现场2.2%)和1.2公里(1.8%)，但表面基本上是淡水，直到河口。每50毫升水中含有69-22,200个硅藻，其数量因深度而异，相距仅1.2公里。硅藻大小为2.8~42 9(平均16.1~5 9.2)μm。大型羽状硅藻分布在淡水区，大多数在到达大海之前就沉积了。潮汐和河流的性质经常改变同一河口地点的硅藻组合。建议对水介质进行法医鉴定以推断溺水地点。我们还在浸泡在河口环境中的两具身体的血液样本中检测到大量生物发光细菌。根据16S rRNA基因的同源性分析，鉴定出生物发光菌落为费氏弧菌和哈维氏弧菌，它们通常生活在海水中。从浸泡身体的血液中发现的这些表明是咸水或海水吸入，因为我们之前的研究表明，很少有其他海洋细菌入侵并在死后占据主导地位。这种简单快速的细菌学检测有可能成为支持溺水死亡结论的标志。