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Construction of Disaster Damage Index based on Knowledge-based Classification of Landform and Surface Ground

基于地貌地表知识分类的灾害损失指数构建

基本信息

批准号：
18310121
负责人：
NAKAI Shoichi
金额：
$ 8.22万
依托单位：
Chiba University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
2006
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2006 至 2007
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-18310121/
关键词：
Landform Classification Land Use Classification Seismic Risk Surface Soil Structure Microtremor Observation Earthquake Observation Agent Simulation

项目摘要

The knowledge about the condition of the ground is a crucial factor that controls damage due to natural disaster. However, to collect information on the ground condition over a wide area is not an easy task. In order to solve this issue, we have looked at the fact that the condition of the ground is closely related to the landform. This research aims to establish a method of constructing a surface soil model over a wide area based on the landform.By choosing Chiba area, which is located east of Tokyo, a number of soil investigation data have been collected and organized as a database that was constructed on a GIS. Landform classification was also added to this database. Based on this database, a number of standard soil profiles that are typical to classified landform have been constructed. Dynamic characteristics such as amplification factors have then been computed from these soil profiles. Based on this result in conjunction with other existing data, an earthquake damage prediction has been performed. It was found from this study, landform has a significant influence on the prediction.Dynamic properties of the ground near the edge of diluvual terrace were also studied based on microtremor and seismic motion observations. It was found that spectral intensities and maximum accelerations are larger at the top of the slope than in the central part of terrace and at the foot of the slope. It was also found that the predominant frequency changes to higher frequencies in accordance with the distance from the top edge of the slope. Due to this strong influence of landform on the dynamic properties of the ground near the slope, 2-D or 3-D analyses may be necessary in this kind of area.

对地面状况的了解是控制自然灾害造成的损害的一个关键因素。然而，要在广阔的区域内收集有关地面情况的资料，并不是一件容易的事。为了解决这个问题，我们已经看到了这样一个事实，即地面的条件与地形密切相关。本研究以东京都东部的千叶地区为研究对象，收集了大量的土壤调查数据，并将其整理成数据库，建立了基于地理信息系统（GIS）的大面积表层土壤模型。该数据库还增加了地形分类。在此基础上，建立了一批典型的土壤剖面。动态特性，如放大系数，然后从这些土壤剖面计算。在此基础上，结合其他现有资料，进行了震害预测。研究发现，地形地貌对预测结果有很大影响，并根据地脉动和地震动观测结果，对洪积阶地边缘附近地面的动力特性进行了研究。结果表明，谱强度和最大加速度在坡顶处大于阶地中部和坡脚处。研究还发现，主导频率的变化，以更高的频率根据距离的顶部边缘的斜坡。由于地形对边坡附近地面的动力特性有很大影响，在这类地区可能需要进行二维或三维分析。