Knowledge-based Classification of Land Use and Landform for Disaster Risk Assessment

基于知识的土地利用和地貌分类用于灾害风险评估

• 批准号: 16310124
• 负责人: NAKAI Shoichi
• 金额: $ 6.46万
• 依托单位: Chiba University
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
• 财政年份: 2004
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 2004 至 2005
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-16310124/
• 关键词: Micro Landform Classification; Land Use Classification; Seismic Risk; Surface Soil Structure; Remote Sensing; Knowledge-based Inference

The knowledge about the condition of the ground is a crucial factor that controls damage due to natural disasters. However, to collect information on the ground condition over a wide area is not an easy task. In order to solve this issue, the following topics have been discussed in this research :1. Land use classificationBy combining land use data digitized from maps in the old times and those obtained from satellite data in the present time, a land use database has been constructed on a geographical information system (GIS). In this study, the satellite image classification is based on image objects rather than individual pixels.2. Landform classificationBased on the land use and its change, landform classification has been obtained by applying inference rules. These inference rules are the relationship between the two classifications and was constructed based on the knowledge about geomorphology.3. Surface soil structureA number of boring logs have been collected to construct a boring log database. Based on this database together with the landform classification, typical soil profiles have been selected for each landform classification. This set of soil profiles can be considered to represent a surface soil structure in the target area in this research (Chiba city).4. Seismic risk assessmentBased on this surface soil model, seismic risk assessment has been conducted. In addition, a series of microtremor measurement and also earthquake observation have been carried out. According to these studies, it was found that dynamic properties of the ground and hence the seismic risk are strongly affected by local land form and soil conditions.

对地面状况的了解是控制自然灾害造成的损害的一个关键因素。然而，要在广阔的区域内收集有关地面情况的资料，并不是一件容易的事。为了解决这一问题，本研究主要探讨了以下几个方面的问题：1.土地利用分类结合古代地图数字化的土地利用数据和现代卫星数据，在地理信息系统（GIS）上建立了土地利用数据库。在本研究中，卫星影像的分类是基于影像对象而非单个像素.地貌分类根据土地利用及其变化，应用推理规则进行地貌分类。这些推理规则是两种分类之间的关系，是基于地貌学知识构建的.表层土壤结构收集了大量钻孔日志以构建钻孔日志数据库。在此基础上，结合地形分类，为每种地形分类选择了典型土壤剖面。这组土壤剖面可以被认为代表了本研究目标区域（千叶市）的表层土壤结构.地震危险性评价在此模型的基础上，进行了地震危险性评价。此外，还进行了一系列的微动测量和地震观测。根据这些研究，发现地面的动态特性和地震风险受到当地地形和土壤条件的强烈影响。