Significance of newly discovered nitrogen metabolic processes in terrestrial environments

新发现的陆地环境氮代谢过程的意义

• 批准号: 18380053
• 负责人: SAITO Masanori
• 金额: $ 10.45万
• 依托单位: National Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
• 财政年份: 2006
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 2006 至 2007
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-18380053/
• 关键词: soil processes; microogamsms; mycorrhizal fungiANAMMOX; endonhvtic fungi; denitrification; N2O; 亜酸化窒素; 土壌圏現像

The objective of this project was to clarify the occurrence and the mechanisms of newly discovered nitrogen metabolic processes such as ANAMMOX in terrestrial environments.1. Anaerobic ammonia oxidation (ANAMMOX): We established a highly sensitive and reproducible analytirAl method for ANAMMOX activity. The activity was found in not normal paddy soils but in a YATSU paddy soil affected by ground water rich in nitrogen. In a spring of ground water rich in nitrogen, the activity was detected. This is the first report on the occurrence of ANAMMOX in terrestrial environments.2. Anaerobic N20 production not through denitrifying process: N20 was simultaneously produced from nitrate in soil when upland soils were kept anaerobic. Soft rot bacteria may be involved in this process. We developed a method for 15N and 180-NO3 isotope concentration in water samples, nitrate of which was converted into N20 by a denitrifying bacterium, Psudomonas chlororaphos, deficit of N20 reductase, and the isotopes in N20 were measured by mass spectroscopy. By applying this method, we conducted 2-dimensional mapping of 15N-180 in nitrate in ground water and tried to clarify the origin of the nitrate.3. Nitrogen absorption by root symbiotic fungi: Root endophytic fungi, Penicillium sp. EU0013 was found to promote the growth of cabbage. The effect of growth promotion was not affected by types and amounts of nitrogen fertilization. Nitrogen transfer by arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi was examined using a newly developed root box. Under nitrogen deficit conditions, plant growth was promoted by supplying nitrogen through AM fungal hyphae. This is the first evidence that AM fungi can promote plant growth by supplying nitrogen.

该项目的目的是澄清陆地环境中新发现的氮代谢过程（如ANAMMOX）的发生和机制。厌氧氨氧化（ANAMMOX）：我们建立了一个高灵敏度和可重复性的ANAMMOX活性分析方法。活性不是在正常的水稻土中发现的，而是在富氮地下水影响的YATSU水稻土中发现的。在富含氮的地下水泉中，检测到了这种活性。这是关于厌氧氨氧化物在陆地环境中发生的第一份报告。厌氧N20的产生不是通过硝化过程：高地土壤保持厌氧时，N20同时由土壤中的硝酸盐产生。软腐菌可能参与了这一过程。建立了一种测定水样中15 N和180-NO3同位素浓度的方法，该方法利用一种硝化细菌-应用该方法对地下水中硝酸盐的15 N-180进行了二维定位，并试图阐明硝酸盐的来源.根系共生真菌的氮素吸收：发现根内生真菌Penicillium sp.EU0013促进甘蓝的生长。施氮种类和施氮量不影响其促生长效果。利用新研制的根箱研究了丛枝菌根（AM）真菌的氮素转移。在氮素亏缺条件下，AM真菌菌丝供氮促进了植株生长。这是首次证明AM真菌可以通过供氮促进植物生长。

项目成果

エンバク根とユーカリ根より分離した根部定着糸状菌がキャベツ苗に示す発芽および生育促進効果

燕麦根和桉树根定殖真菌对甘蓝幼苗的萌发和促生长作用

• 发表时间: 2006
• 期刊: 日本土壌肥料学雑誌 77
• 作者: Izawa N;Suzuki T;Watanabe M;Takeda M;手嶋さぎり
• 通讯作者: 手嶋さぎり

田畑輪換圃場における地下浸透水中の溶存温室効果ガスの定量

农田轮作场地下渗流水中溶解温室气体的测定

• 发表时间: 2007
• 作者: 斎藤明徳;木村拓也;大竹憲邦;末吉邦;大山卓爾;南川和則
• 通讯作者: 南川和則

谷津田水田土壌からのアナモックスの検出

八田水稻土中厌氧氨氧化的检测

• 发表时间: 2008
• 作者: Uno;T;Hata;K.;Trang;L.T.D.;Hiragaki;S.;Nakada;T.;Nakamura;M.;Uno;Y.;Yamagata;H.;Kanamaru;K.;Takeda;M.;Matsubara M;諏訪裕一
• 通讯作者: 諏訪裕一

ハクサイ腐敗過程からの亜酸化窒素発生に及ぼす軟腐病菌、土壌、堆肥の影響

软腐真菌、土壤和堆肥对大白菜腐烂过程中一氧化二氮生成的影响

• 发表时间: 2006
• 作者: Masafumi Kameya;ら;駒田充生
• 通讯作者: 駒田充生

Detection of ANAMMOX activity in Yatsu paddy fields.

八津稻田厌氧氨氧化活性检测。

• 发表时间: 2008
• 作者: Suwa;Y.
• 通讯作者: Y.