Concept exploration, enhancement, and education of medical professionalism among Japanese physicians

<背景>随着医患关系模式的改变，日本医生的专业精神似乎有所下降。<目的>为提高医师的专业精神，我们旨在探讨日本医师专业精神的概念内容，通过调查了解医师对医师和患者的专业态度和行为，制定针对学生和年轻医师的专业精神教育计划，并通过证据寻找合适的处方来提高当前日本医师的专业精神。<结果1：专业精神的概念讨论日志和定性研究>除了对医生的专业行为进行基于案例的讨论外，我们还对患者和共同医疗人员进行了定性焦点小组。我们发现，医疗专业精神的关键概念是对患者痛苦和利益的想象、患者利益和利益之间的思维平衡、更多的公平和高尚的责任。<结果2：对医患职业态度和行为进行调查，包括网络调查和邮寄调查。我们发现，病人和普通日本人对不专业的态度和行为的批评比医生自己想象的要强烈得多。我们还发现，制药公司的礼品可能会影响医生的处方行为。<结果3：医师职业化教育项目的开发b>我们开发了两个有效的提高医师职业化教育项目：基于电影的讨论项目和医学职业化重大事件分析。结果4：医生工作环境与工作满意度bbb我们对医生的工作状态、工作满意度和对病人的态度进行了调查。缺乏自主权与医生的工作满意度和对病人的态度有显著的关系。根据这些结果，我们举办了一个专业论坛，邀请了几类医学专业人员、伦理学专家、调解员、媒体和患者代表参加，寻求新的患者专业关系模式。最后我们提出了日本医师职业申报的建议。少

<Background> With a change of patient-physician relationship model, professionalism of Japanese physicians seems to diminish.<Objective> To enhance medical professionalism of physicians, we aimed to explore conceptual contents of medical professionalism in Japan, to conduct surveys asking physicians professional attitudes and behaviors both to physicians and patients, to develop educational programs concerning medical professionalism for students and young physicians, and to search appropriate prescriptions enhancing professionalism of current Japanese physicians through the evidence.<Results 1: Conceptual discussion log and qualitative research about professionalism> In addition to having case based discussions about professional behaviors among physicians, we conducted qualitative focus groups to patients and co-medical staffs. We found that key concepts of medical professionalism were imagination to patients' suffering and interest, thinking balance between patients' interest and fa … More irness, and Noblesse Oblige.<Results 2: Physician and patient survey concerning professional attitudes and behaviors> Internet-based survey and postal survey were conducted. We found that patients and general Japanese people were much more critical against unprofessional attitudes and behaviors than physicians themselves thought. We also found that gifts from pharmaceutical companies may affect prescription behaviors of physicians.<Results 3: Development of educational program enhancing professionalism of physicians> We developed two effective educational program enhancing medical professionalism : Cinema-based discussion program and significant event analysis for medical professionalism.<Results 4: Working environments and job satisfactions among physicians> We conducted a survey asking working status, job satisfactions, and attitude to patients to physicians. Lack of autonomy had a significant relationship with physician job satisfactions and attitudes to their patients.With these results, we held a forum for professionalism in which several types of medical professionals as well as ethics experts, mediators, the media, and representatives of patients attended searching for new model of patient professional relations. We finally made a proposal of professional declarations of Japanese physicians. Less