Development of analysis of velopharyngeal movement using digital human models and application for cleft palate speech

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1. Development of motion analysisHomologous modeling, FED, and principal component analysis were applied Ear motion range images which were generated using three infrared-red cameras and a color camera with an infrared-red pattern projected on a face, and lip motion analysis of normal individuals was then performed. After principal component scores, which indicated characteristics of lip motion, were calculated at phonation of each vowel, principal component scores were plotted in the two-dimension. Discriminant analysis revealed the differences between lip motions at phonation of /u/ and /i/ could be detected. Therefore, it was suggested that principal component analysis was useful for lip motion analysis.2. Production of range images using a streoendoscopeUsing a stereoendoscope, which was 5.4mm diameter and included two telescopes, measuring system was developed. Preliminary studies disclosed the following three problems of the stereoendoscope. 1) The center of the image was deviated. 2) The distortion became big so as to leave the center of the image. 3) There was a difference between the brightness of two images. Tsai algorithm was applied to the problems of 1) and 2), LoG filtering was applied to the problem of 3). By applying process of rectifying and a Birchfield's algorithm range images could be then produced from the image obtained from the stereoendoscope successfully.3. Relationship between velopharyngeal shapes and nasalance scores using velopharyngeal cephalogramsRelationship between measurements of velopharyngeal cephalograms at blowing and phonation /a/ and nasalance scores obtained from Nasometer was investigated with a multivariate analysis. Consequently, proportion of velar length to velar depth and velar ascent were associated with nasalance scores significantly.