Dynamics of circulating rotavirus strains after vaccine introduction in Brazil.

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We observed an abrupt increase of G2P[4] strains in Brazil after the introduction of the monovalent G1P[8] rotavirus vaccine. In clinical trials, the effectiveness of the monovalent vaccine against fully-heterotypic G2P[4] strains was not well established because the circulating strains at the time of clinical trials were mainly G1P[8] strains. Thus, this study was undertaken to assess the vaccine effectiveness against G2P[4] strains using the case-control design. Among children aged 6-11 months, the effectiveness of the monovalent vaccine was 77% against severe G2P[4] diarrhoea, and 83-85% against hospitalization. The G1P[8] monovalent vaccine was shown to be effective against severe diarrhoea due to G2P[4] rotavirus strains in an impoverished setting in Latin America.