Children in Tort Law: Children as Tortfeasors and Victims

侵权法中的儿童：作为侵权行为者和受害者的儿童

• 批准号: 5357119
• 负责人: Professor Dr. Gerhard Wagner
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Europäisches Zentrum für Schadensersatz- und Versicherungsrecht
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 财政年份: 2002
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2001-12-31 至 2006-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/5357119?language=en
• 关键词: Children; Tort; Law; Tortfeasors; Victims

The intended project will focus primarily upon three issues: 1) at what age does a minor gain the legal capacity to be held liable for tortious conduct or should children generally be held liable, 2) to what extent does the age of a tortfeasor influence the question of contributory-comparative negligence and should compensation on equitable grounds apply to child offenders, and 3) what is the nature and extent of parents' liability for the conduct of their children? The selected approach marks a significant contrast to the manner in which the role of minors in European tort law has been investigated thus far, namely as a subordinate topic within a general analysis of more traditional legal questions. In addition, the issues central to this study must be resolved within the broader framework of a European Civil Code, on which work ist currently in progress. Finally, the topic of liability of minors in tort law is of immense importance for the demestic law of torts as well. This is illustrated by a famous decision of the Federal Constitutional Court (cited at NJW 1998, 3557), holding that fundamental civil rights guaranteed by the Federal Constitution must be respected in framing rules of tortious liability. Additionally, in Germany parliamentary proceedings concerning a draft bill to modify the rules of tortious liability of minors are underway (BMJ, 2. Schadenrechtsänderungsgesetz). As the reasoning of the bill refers to the law of other European states (ibid, p. 15), there is a need for intensified and comprehensive coooperative legal analysis of the three issues stated above.

计划中的项目将主要集中在三个问题上：1)未成年人在什么年龄获得对侵权行为承担责任的法律行为能力，或者一般来说是否应该由儿童承担责任；2)侵权人的年龄在多大程度上影响共同过失-比较过失的问题，以及是否应该根据公平理由对儿童罪犯进行赔偿；3)父母对其子女的行为承担责任的性质和范围是什么？所选择的方法与迄今为止调查未成年人在欧洲侵权法中的作用的方式形成了显著对比，即在对更传统的法律问题的一般分析中作为从属主题。此外，这项研究的核心问题必须在欧洲民法典的更广泛框架内解决，目前正在进行这项工作。最后，侵权行为法中的未成年人责任问题对我国侵权行为法的研究也具有十分重要的意义。联邦宪法法院的一项著名裁决（引自NJW 1998, 3557）说明了这一点，该裁决认为，在制定侵权责任规则时，必须尊重联邦宪法保障的基本公民权利。此外，在德国，关于修改未成年人侵权责任规则的法案草案的议会程序正在进行中（BMJ, 2）。Schadenrechtsanderungsgesetz)。由于该法案的推理涉及其他欧洲国家的法律（同上，第15页），因此有必要对上述三个问题进行加强和全面的合作法律分析。