伝統的外交的保護理論の機能

传统外交保护理论的功能

• 批准号: 07J09227
• 负责人: 長谷川 晃一
• 金额: $ 0.58万
• 依托单位: The University of Tokyo
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for JSPS Fellows
• 财政年份: 2007
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 2007 至 2008
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-07J09227/
• 关键词: 外交的保護

研究の一年目であった平成19年度は、大きく分類すれば、(1)外交的保護のいわゆる「伝統的理論」の整理、及び(2)先行研究における「伝統的理論」への評価の整理、の二つの作業を実施した。まず前者の作業として、「伝統的理論」の代表的な論者と位置付けられているアンティロッティ及びボーチャードの学説を検討し、それらの学説における外交保護の理解を整理した。特に、(i)これを行使する権利(手続的権利)、(ii)これによって救済される権利(実体的権利)及び法的利益、(iii)これによって救済される実質的利益、といった観点から、両学説を整理し、それぞれの見解の背景を、特に国際紛争解決における位置付けを中心に、位置付けについての立場を中心に、検討することを試みた。次いで後者の作業としては、主として1931年、1932年の万国国際法学会における審議、及び、1996年より実施されたILC及びILAにおける審議を題材としつつ、そこでの「伝統的理論」への評価を検討した。特に、個人に対して一定の国際法主体性を認められるようになっている中で、上記検討作業における委員らの(i)「伝統的理論」についての把握、(ii)これに対する批判点、及び、(iii)その文脈を整理した。これら検討作業の結果、いわゆる「伝統的理論」及びそれに対する批判的学説のそれぞれが、外交保護制度を司法的解決制度として構成する試みの一環として法的理論を積み上げていった点が明確化された。これにより、(1)仲裁裁判等を通じ外交的保護制度が発展してきたという経緯を踏まえつつ、いわゆる「伝統的理論」以降の学説が念頭に置いている「司法的」解決の特徴を明確化すること、及び、(2)外交的保護における「非司法的」解決の位置付けについて整理すること、が今後の検討課題となってくるものと思料している。

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