Prediction of Sleep Bruxism by Wearable Sleep Sensor and Active Suppression

本研究的目的是开发一种可穿戴设备预测和抑制睡眠磨牙症的系统。在此研究期间，研究人员寻求了一种预测磨牙活动开始的算法和一种不影响睡眠状态的抑制磨牙的方法。首先，研究了动态式肌电仪和腕表式睡眠阶段分析仪的可用性及其对睡眠的影响。6名意识到有睡眠磨牙症、颌骨疼痛或大面积牙齿磨损、经家人确认有磨牙症声音的受试者被指导使用这些设备，并在家中记录3至5晚的肌电图和睡眠阶段。他们报告偶尔会有肌电图传感器脱落，但没有人抱怨佩戴设备或睡眠受到干扰。另外两名睡眠磨牙患者在磨牙开始时用便携式刺激器电刺激（15mA, 5sec， 0.2sec间隔）。通过这种电刺激观察到磨牙噪声的减少。没有发现明显的睡眠状态变化，这表明他们的睡眠没有受到这种刺激的干扰。进一步研究刺激的触发因素，如心率和肌肉张力的升高，以及受试者数量的增加，可能会导致一种用于抑制睡眠磨牙症的自动可穿戴设备。

The purpose of this study is to develop a system that will predict and suppress sleep bruxism by wearable devices. Within this research period, an algorithm for prediction of the onset of bruxism activity and a method of suppression of bruxism without affecting the sleep state were sought. First, the usability and the influence to sleep of an ambulatory type electromyograph and a wrist watch type sleep stage analyzer were investigated. Six subjects who were aware of sleep bruxism, had jaw pain or extensive teeth attrition, and had been confirmed bruxism sound by their family were instructed the use of the devices and recorded EMG and sleep stage for three to five nights at home. They reported occasional detachment of EMG sensors, but no complaint for wearing the devices or for disturbances of sleep were observed.Another two subjects with sleep bruxism were electrically stimulated (15mA, 5sec, 0.2sec intervals) by a portable stimulator at the onset of bruxism. Reduction of bruxism noise was observed by this electric stimulation. No obvious changes of sleep status were noticed indicating they were not disturbed their sleep by this stimulation. Further investigation of trigger of stimulation, such as a rise in heart rate and muscle tone, and increased number of subjects may lead to an automatic wearable device for sleep bruxism suppression.