Research and development of a therapeutic exercise preconditioning for muscle atrophy and circulatory failure with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus

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Exercise training has long been utilized as one of therapy in the non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. The effects of a therapeutic exercise preconditioning on the myocyte and the microcirculation of skeletal muscle in diabetic rats was investigated. The preconditioning consisted of exercise at either low-(aerobic) or Hi-(unaerobic) intensity and included five 60 or 30 min sessions per week for 3 weeks, respectively. Both treated diabetic rats exhibited a decrease in plasma glucose, glycohemoglobin, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) compared with those of the diabetic rats but did not completely normalize levels. The capillary volume in diabetic muscle was significantly less, i.e., capillary regression. In three exercise-trained diabetic muscles, the capillary volumes were increased toward control levels and completely normalize levels. In summary, the results of the present study provide evidence for the effectiveness of exercise training in reducing some of the muscle circulatory complications associated with diabetes mellitus.