Validity evaluation of restoration processes for paper cultural properties with aim of establishment of cultural properties restoration science by integration of humanities and science

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Paper subject to heat-humidity accelerated deterioration showed a pH increase resulting in neutralization by water cleaning treatment. Dissolution of aluminum sulfate or aluminum potassium sulfate induced this change, but acidic substances formed in the deterioration might be less water-soluble. Tensile energy absorption of the deteriorated paper increased due to the increased stretch to break by fiber shrinkage during drying. This TEA increase does not mean a practical strength recovery, but no strength reduction was found to be caused by the water cleaning treatment as a whole. The paper pounding treatment increased the wet stretch of paper. This result suggests that unnecessary force may be applied to the paper-made cultural properties from pounded paper patches, if they absorb moisture during a long storage.