Civil Disobedience in the Climate Crisis - Criminal or Criminalized Protest?Phenomenology, Backgrounds and Radicalization Markers

气候危机中的公民不服从——刑事或刑事化抗议？现象学、背景和激进化标志

• 批准号: 535951432
• 负责人: Professorin Dr. Katrin Höffler
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Lehrstuhl für Strafrecht, Strafprozessrecht, Kriminologie und Rechtssoziologie
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 资助国家: 德国
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/535951432?language=en
• 关键词: Civil; Disobedience; Climate; Crisis; Criminal

The aim of the research project is a criminological investigation of the climate protests in Germany, focusing on etiology and motivation. Qualitative interviews and an online survey of activists of the climate movement will be combined; the project will test theories of criminology, while also examining whether and to what extent radicalization potentials are present. The latter point, in particular, will help to ensure that the research is relevant to police and law enforcement practice.1. The first research question is why parts of the climate movement choose the path of civil disobedience, or more precisely: what is decisive for choosing forms of protest that (at least in part) cross over into criminality. a) The hypothesis in this context is that the motivational starting point of climate protesters is completely different from that of extremist movements, in particular from that of right-wing or religious extremist groups. b) A second hypothesis concerning motivation is linked to the criminal sanctioning of activists as a means of protest. The protest-sanction paradox will be investigated in this context: The protesters base their civil disobedience on the assumption that while harsh criminal sanctions do hurt, they also generate solidarity within society. The focus of protest research so far has been primarily on the immediate effects of protest, i.e., on the question of whether protest is capable of achieving the political goals pursued (here: climate protection). This project expands the perspective and focuses on the indirect effects and intermediate goals of protest by examining whether and to what extent the conscious acceptance of sanctions (because of the hoped-for intermediate goal: solidarity within society, increased attendance, and thus a reciprocal self-reinforcement of the protest) is a motivational factor for deviant behavior among protesters. 2. Based on this, the second research question is focused on the possibility of "radicalization". Radicalization potentials specific to each respective group of the climate justice movement (especially "Letzte Generation", "Extinction Rebellion", "Ende Gelände", "Fridays for Future") will be illuminated. A distinction will have to be made based on different forms of protest (is a radicalization towards targeted violence against people or toward a rejection of our free democratic order conceivable?). Further, different motivational drivers must be contrasted.

该研究项目的目的是对德国的气候抗议活动进行犯罪学调查，重点是病因和动机。定性访谈和对气候运动活动家的在线调查将结合起来;该项目将测试犯罪学理论，同时还将研究是否存在激进化潜力以及在多大程度上存在激进化潜力。特别是后一点，将有助于确保研究与警察和执法实践相关。第一个研究问题是为什么气候运动的一部分选择公民不服从的道路，或者更准确地说：是什么决定了选择抗议的形式，（至少部分）跨越到犯罪。a）在这种情况下，假设气候抗议者的动机起点与极端主义运动，特别是右翼或宗教极端主义团体的动机起点完全不同。B）关于动机的第二个假设与对活动人士作为抗议手段的刑事制裁有关。抗议-制裁悖论将在此背景下进行研究：抗议者将他们的公民不服从建立在这样一个假设之上：虽然严厉的刑事制裁确实会造成伤害，但它们也会在社会内部产生团结。迄今为止，抗议研究的重点主要是抗议的直接影响，即，关于抗议是否能够实现所追求的政治目标的问题（这里是：气候保护）。这个项目扩展了视角，并通过检查是否以及在多大程度上有意识地接受制裁（因为希望的中间目标：社会团结，增加出席率，从而抗议的相互自我强化），关注抗议的间接影响和中间目标是抗议者之间的越轨行为的动机因素。2.基于此，第二个研究问题集中在“激进化”的可能性上。 气候正义运动的每个群体（特别是“Letzte一代”，“灭绝叛乱”，“Ende Gelände”，“未来的星期五”）所特有的激进化潜力将得到阐明。必须根据不同形式的抗议加以区分（激进化是针对人民的暴力行为，还是拒绝我们的自由民主秩序？）。此外，还必须对不同的动机驱动因素进行对比。