Elucidation of the role of dimethyl sulfoxide respiration for the sulfur circulation in the ocean and Antarctic lakes

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16S rRNA clone library analysis was used to examine the biodiversity and community structure in Antarctic salt and freshwater lakes. The bacterial community structures of salt lakes in which haloclines exist differed between these three salt lakes, indicating that there were many unidentified bacteria, and that they were rich in biodiversity. The bacterial communities of eight freshwater lakes formed a simple structure, such as Thiomicrospira sp., which inhabits the ocean in polar regions and fall water around McMurdo Dry Valleys, becomes the predominant genus. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that these bacteria growing in salt and freshwater lakes were closely related genera. These results suggested that these bacterial communities differed based on the salinity.