Study of carbon isotopic ratio of carbon stars based on the high resolution optical spectroscopy

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In order to study the formation and evolution of carbon stars in the late stage of stellar evolution of the asymptotic giant branch (AGB), we have observed a number of carbon stars for measuring the accurate isotopic ratio of ^<12>C/^<13>C. The GAOES spectrograph of Gunma Astronomical Observatory was used for the observation to realize both much higher spectral resolution and wider wavelength coverage for more absorption lines than any previous observations that have ever done.