Nonequilibrium thermodynamics for fluctuations of biopolymers

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Aiming at the construction of the formulation to describe the working mechanism of biopolymers, we study nonequilibrium steady states analytically. We obtain a concise expression for the probability distribution function correct up to the second order of the degree of nonequilibrium. From this expression, we arrive at a naturally extended Clausius relation to nonequilibrium. We next extend the relation to the second order of the degree of nonequilibrium and find that we should include a twist term, which especially appears in nonlinear nonequilibrium. From a different point of view to examine proteins' dynamics, we study slow fluctuations in a protein model and characterize them by a four-point correlation-functions.