Development and Application of Highly Chemoselective Organic Reductants

几种紫罗兰衍生物（1，1'-干扰4，4'-双吡啶， V^<2+>）已经合成，并且已经研究了它们的电化学行为，以揭示1）两个单一的电子减少过程，可以在V2^+上给予V^<+>和V^0，步骤和2） V^0与有机减少剂相比。V^0是由V^<2+>的电子化产生的，并推荐的Pd催化剂的减少偶联给相应的生物。根据V^<2+>、V^0可以在多种媒体中使用正确的替代品，如常规有机溶剂、离子液体和水。Moreover，N-替代吡啶衍生物的电化学，也是天然有机还原剂。

Several viologen derivatives (1,1'-disubstituted 4,4'-bipyridynium, V^<2+>) were synthesized, and their electrochemical behavior was studied to reveal that 1) two one-electron reduction processes occurred on V2^+ to give V^<+・> and V^0, stepwise, and 2) V^0s worked as organic reductants compatible to zinc. V^0 were generated by electroreduction of V^<2+>, and promoted Pd-catalyzed reductive coupling of aryl halides to give the corresponding biaryls. By proper choice of substituents on N of V^<2+>, V^0 could be used in several media such as usual organic solvents, ionic liquids, and water. Moreover, electroreduction of N-substituted pyridinium derivatives also gave organic reductants.