Development of Recyclable Organic Reductants in Aqueous Environment

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Organic reductants, prepared from electroreduction of bipyridinium and pyridinium derivatives, proceed C-C bond formation such as homo-coupling of aryl bromides and cross-coupling between aryl aldehydes and allyl bromides in the presence of transition metal catalysts. The organic reductants having amphiphilic substituents can promote the homo-coupling of aryl bromides in an aqueous environment. The C-C bond formation can be performed by using a catalytic amount of bipyridinium and pyridinium derivatives via in situ regeneration of the organic reductants by electroreduction.