The Studies on the conservation of the bio-diversity and dynamics of Lucidophyllous forest under the pressure of Sika deer and expansion of alien tree species.

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We set up the protected areas to clarify effects of Sika deer and alien species in the warm temperate forest of Kasugayama Forest Reserve from September 2007 to October 2009. The field examination showed that survival rates of seedlings such as Castanopsis cuspidate and Quercus sessilifollia were significantly high in the plots protected from sika deer, however the effect of clipping alien species was not clearly showed in the period. The automatic sensor cameras at eight plots for one year from October 2007 to September 2008 indicated that sika deer comprised 83.5% of the mammals photographed at all points. The result suggest that the forest use and the forest disturbance by the deer are remarkable.