Do biodiversity of ant-mimic spiders associate with ant biodiversity? -canopy-ground comparisons within Bornean tropical forest

许多蜘蛛科都进化出了拟蚁行为，如不织网的蜘蛛、盐蛛科、角蛛科等。在热带地区，盐蛛科往往是优势蜘蛛，而蚂蚁往往是优势的、生物多样性高的昆虫。研究了婆罗洲热带森林蚂蚁生物多样性对拟蚁蛛形态和物种多样性的影响。在对热带森林地面层的研究中，我们发现了2科8属26种拟蚁蜘蛛的11种拟蚁类型。虽然在地面层中发现了高度多样性的拟蚁蜘蛛，但60%的拟蚁蜘蛛的拟蚁性较差（即与几种不同种类的蚂蚁模型有一定的相似性）。在热带森林的垂直结构中，地面蚂蚁和树栖蚂蚁的组合最为多样化，因为地面蚂蚁和树栖蚂蚁都出现在该层中。与良好的模仿者（与模型的特定相似性）相比，较差的模仿者将在许多不同模型物种一起发生的地方获得高度保护（多模型假设）。因此，我们认为地表拟蚁蜘蛛的高物种多样性和形态多样性反映了地表蚂蚁的高物种多样性。此外，我们预测在蚂蚁多样性低的地方会发现低物种多样性和高比例的良好模仿蚂蚁的蜘蛛。在热带森林林冠层顶部，Crematogaster和Camponoutus等少数蚂蚁趋于优势，蚂蚁多样性低于地面层。在本研究中，我们利用树冠鹤对树冠层蚂蚁和拟蚁蛛的多样性进行了研究，以验证我们的假设。然后讨论了研究结果与蚂蚁和拟蚁蜘蛛生物多样性的关系。

Ant-mimicry has evolved in numerous families of spiders, such as, non-web-weaving spiders, Salticidae, Corinnidae etc.In the tropics, salticids tend to be dominant spiders and ants tend to be dominant and high-biodiversity insects. The present study examined how ant biodiversity reflects on biodiversity of ant-mimic spider in morphology and species-diversity in Bornean tropical forests. In our previous studies on ground layer of the tropical forests, we found 11 mimic-types in 26 species of 8 genera, two families of ant-mimic spiders. Although high-diversity on ant-mimic spider was found in the ground layer, 60% of ant-mimic spider collected was showed poor ant-mimicry (i.e.some similarity to several different species of ant model). Among vertical structure of tropical forest, the ant assemblage of the ground layer is most diverse, because both ground and arboreal ants appear in the layer. A poorer mimic, in comparison with good mimic (specific resemblance to a model), will achieve a high degree of protection in place where many different model species occur together (multimodel hypothesis). We, therefore, considered that high species and morphological diversity of ant-mimic spiders in the ground layer is reflected to high species-diversity of ant in the layer. Furthermore, we predict that low diversity of species and high proportion of good mimic of ant-mimic spider is found in place with low diversity of ant. In top of canopy in tropical forest, some few ants, such as Crematogaster and Camponoutus, trend to be dominant and ant diversity is lower than that in the ground layer. In the present study, we examine diversity of ant and ant-mimic spider in canopy layer using canopy crane to test our hypothesis. The implications of the results for association with biodiversity of ants and ant-mimic spiders are then discussed.