Do biodiversity of ant-mimic spiders associate with ant biodiversity? -canopy-ground comparisons within Bornean tropical forest

拟蚁性在许多蜘蛛科中进化，如非织网蜘蛛、跳蛛科、Corinnidae等。在热带，跳蛛往往是优势蜘蛛，而蚂蚁往往是优势和高生物多样性的昆虫。本文研究了婆罗洲热带森林蚂蚁多样性在形态和物种多样性方面对拟蚁蜘蛛多样性的影响。在对热带森林下垫面的研究中，我们发现了拟蚁蜘蛛2科8属26种11种拟型。虽然在地面层中发现了高多样性的拟蚁蜘蛛，但60%的拟蚁蜘蛛表现出很差的拟蚁性（即与几种不同种类的蚂蚁模型有一定的相似性）。在热带森林的垂直结构中，以地面层的蚂蚁群落最具多样性，因为地面蚂蚁和树栖蚂蚁都出现在该层。一个较差的模仿，与好的模仿（与模式的特定相似性）相比，将在许多不同的模式物种一起出现的地方实现高度的保护（多模式假说）。因此，我们认为，拟蚁蜘蛛在地面层的高物种多样性和形态多样性反映了该层蚂蚁的高物种多样性。在蚂蚁多样性低的地方，物种多样性低，而模仿蚂蚁的蜘蛛比例高。在热带森林林冠层顶部，少数蚂蚁如Crematogaster和Camponoutus等趋于优势，蚂蚁多样性低于地面层。在本研究中，我们利用树冠起重机检测了树冠层蚂蚁和拟蚂蚁蜘蛛的多样性，以验证我们的假设。研究结果与蚂蚁和拟蚂蚁蜘蛛的生物多样性的关系进行了讨论。

Ant-mimicry has evolved in numerous families of spiders, such as, non-web-weaving spiders, Salticidae, Corinnidae etc.In the tropics, salticids tend to be dominant spiders and ants tend to be dominant and high-biodiversity insects. The present study examined how ant biodiversity reflects on biodiversity of ant-mimic spider in morphology and species-diversity in Bornean tropical forests. In our previous studies on ground layer of the tropical forests, we found 11 mimic-types in 26 species of 8 genera, two families of ant-mimic spiders. Although high-diversity on ant-mimic spider was found in the ground layer, 60% of ant-mimic spider collected was showed poor ant-mimicry (i.e.some similarity to several different species of ant model). Among vertical structure of tropical forest, the ant assemblage of the ground layer is most diverse, because both ground and arboreal ants appear in the layer. A poorer mimic, in comparison with good mimic (specific resemblance to a model), will achieve a high degree of protection in place where many different model species occur together (multimodel hypothesis). We, therefore, considered that high species and morphological diversity of ant-mimic spiders in the ground layer is reflected to high species-diversity of ant in the layer. Furthermore, we predict that low diversity of species and high proportion of good mimic of ant-mimic spider is found in place with low diversity of ant. In top of canopy in tropical forest, some few ants, such as Crematogaster and Camponoutus, trend to be dominant and ant diversity is lower than that in the ground layer. In the present study, we examine diversity of ant and ant-mimic spider in canopy layer using canopy crane to test our hypothesis. The implications of the results for association with biodiversity of ants and ant-mimic spiders are then discussed.